1924] Some new Cladonias 147 
differs from m. regularis only in color. The species as it is represented 
in this region always manifests this color difference while at the same 
time it exhibits variations similar or somewhat similar to the form 
and to the other modification established by Wainio. 
f. obliqua Robbins, f. nov. Podetia 20-70 mm. long, glaucescent 
and olivaceous variegated, esquamulose or sparingly squamulose 
toward the base; cups oblique. 
m. spectabilis Robbins, m. nov. Podetia 20-70 mm. long, glauces- 
cent and olivaceous variegated, squamulose throughout; cups regular 
to oblique. 
Wainio observes of the species (l. c.) * Facie externa fere est sicut 
Cl. crispata." Our plants also closely approach forms of Cl. squamosa 
(Scop.) Hoffm. Neither, however, affords the yellow reaction. Cl. 
subsquamosa (Nyl.) Wainio is likewise somewhat similar in construc- 
tion and agrees further in its response to caustic potash. It differs in 
having the podetia more or less granular. 
3. CLADONIA FURCATA (Huds.) Schrad., var. RACEMOSA (Hoffm.) 
Floerk. Wainio, Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 4: 316. 1887, 
often cited as Mon. Clad. 1: 316. 1887. m. subclausa Sandstede, 
m. nov. Podetia 25-40 mm. long, 0.5-2 mm. in diameter, erect or 
decumbent, cylindrical or subcylindrical, esquamulose or squamulose 
toward the base, much branched especially upward; branches sub- 
regularly or radiately disposed, the upper ascendent to erect, the 
sterile summits slightly expanded and somewhat truncate with 2-5 
irregularly or radiately spreading points thus forming small, imper- 
forate or sometimes minutely perforate pseudo-cups; cortex smooth, 
continuous to areolate, esorediate, glaucescent to olivaceous. 
In small or large clusters; on sandy loam, often in open woods. 
Common locally. This plant resembles m. subulata Floerk. but the 
two are easily distinguishable since the latter has the sterile summits 
forked and subulate, (cf. Tuckerman, Synopsis 1: 248. 1882). 
4. CLADONIA SUBCARIOSA (Nyl.) Wainio, Acta Soc. pro Fauna et 
Flora Fennica 10: 38. 1894, often cited as Mon. Cl. 2: 38. 1894. 
m. squamulosa Robbins, m. nov. Podetia 5-35 mm. long, 1-4 mm. 
in diameter, erect, club-shaped, more or less densely squamulose. 
On sandy loam; often in old fields among grass. This plant differs 
from the species only in the squamulose podetia. 
5. CLADONIA UNCIALIS (L.) Web. Wainio, Acta Soc. pro Fauna 
et Flora Fennica 4: 254. 1887, often cited as Mon. Clad. 1: 254. 
1887. m.soraligera Robbins, m. nov. Podetia 10-50 mm. long, 1-3 
mm. in diameter, erect or decumbent, sorediate; soredia aggregated 
in somewhat rounded, scattered masses, 1-12 mm. in diameter. 
In small or large colonies, occasionally in subprostrate patches. 
On sand or sandy loam; in dry, open, mixed woods. All forms of the 
species, common in this region, seem liable to produce soredia although 
it sometimes happens that in a colony of plants not all will be sorediate. 
'The species is cosmopolitan in its distribution and it has always been 
