1924] Lewis,—The Flora of Penikese 183 
40°27" ozy N 
Bes 
Contour Lines 20 f: 
S<k—, sucha 33g fr 
HN inches» r mile 
AMMOPHILA 10-002 
Patcues of Rumex [7] 
Bunt UP Swamp pm VOER 
Denyoro ey Terns 
Powos 
PopucuS ALBA A ] 
PENIKESE ISLAND Swame Area 
RESULTS OF BRIEF ECOLOGICAL SURVEY, JULY 24, 1923 3 
PuoroGRAPH STATIONS 
Ecovocy ey J. R. SCHRAMM AND MARGARET F. SHaw 
MAP By P AcQUARONE Burrowes Sorio Brace 
Puotoorapny By J R Scuramm ano EtsiE B OVERSTREET 
and red maple (?) found buried in the muck of a small swamp.” 
Cutting of the original timber had been followed by the introduction 
of sheep, which remained on the island until about 1910. From 
1905 to 1921 Penikese was used by the State of Massachusetts as 
the site of a leprosarium. After the removal of the lepers in 1921, 
the island has been uninhabited except for the caretaker and his wife. 
Jordan says that his “list may have a special interest to future 
students, and also a general interest to botanists, as showing which 
plants survive a prolonged struggle for existence against grass and 
sheep." If the State retains possession of Penikese and establishes 
a bird sanctuary there, the continued history of the development 
and succession of plants and animals cannot fail to be of interest and 
importance. Surveys at stated intervals will give precise information 
