1924] Lewis,—The Flora of Penikese 1 185 
Ambrosia artemisiifolia Lepidium virginicum 
Stellaria graminea Plantago major 
Spergularia marina Plantago lanceolata 
Rumex Acetosella Anagallis arvensis 
Oenothera biennis 
GRASSLAND. One of the most striking plant associations is that 
dominated by Ammophila. This occupies the slopes on the west 
shores of both the main island and Tub Point, where it begins at the 
Achillea zone and ends sharply at the crest of the hill. In places it 
forms lobes stretching up the depressions. Few other plants are found 
with the Ammophila, which is two to three feet high. "These are: 
Plantago lanceolata Polygonum Convolvulus 
Achillea Millefolium Solidago sempervirens 
Aster vimineus 
The inland grassland extends over the main part of the island, 
and is dominated by various species of grasses. These are not usually 
mixed, but are found in more or less pure stands in intermingling 
patches of different sizes. The most abundant of the inland grasses 
are Agrostis alba, Agropyron repens, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Festuca 
rubra, and Holcus lanatus. Somewhat less common are Dactylis 
glomerata, Danthonia spicata, and Festuca elatior. 
In places where the soil is of a poorer quality, Rumex Acetosella 
is found in solid mats so thick that it gives a red tone to the slopes. 
It seems likely that such patches mark the spots denuded of vegetation 
in previous years by the nesting terns mentioned below. 
The vegetation of the grassland, like that of the rest of the island, 
has not advanced beyond the herbaceous stagein itsecological develop- 
ment. While a number of herbaceous plants are found with the grass, 
the only shrubs are a few plants of Rhus typhina, a few feet high, 
on the east slopes, a few specimens of Sambucus canadensis on the 
northern end of the island, one small plant of Myrica carolinensis 
south of the dock, and one or two seedlings of Quercus rubra between 
the reservoir and the eastern shore. The island has been overrun 
by sheep in the past, but these have not been present for more than 
ten years. 
Among the more common plants of the grassland area are: 
Agropyron repens Rubus procumbens 
Agrostis capillaris Stellaria graminea 
Anthoxanthum odoratum Hypericum perforatum 
Festuca rubra Lepidium virginicum 
