128 BHOPALOCEBA. 



Hab. Mexico, near Vera Cruz (W. II. Edwards 3 ), Cuesta de Misantla (M. Tmjillo) ; 

 Costa Rica (Carmiol 1 , Van Patten 2 ); Panama, Bugaba, Veraguas (Arc6), Chiriqui 

 (Trotsch). 



It is to J. Carmiol that we are indebted for the first specimen, which we now figure, 

 of this species, that described by Mr. Bates ; we have since received a small series of 

 examples, but the insect appears to be nowhere common, and Mr. Champion did not 

 meet with it. H. crocea and H. idiotica, Staud., stand alone in the genus Hesperocharis, 

 the characteristic markings of the wings beneath being absent. The Mexican specimens 

 which we have recently received agree closely with the type ; the wings are slightly 

 more pointed, but the difference is unimportant. Should, however, they hereafter be 

 considered distinct, Reakirt's name can be used for it. 



PIERIS. 



Pieris, Schrank, apud Boisduval, Spec. Gen. p. 434 ; Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 42. 

 Perrhybris, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 91. 

 Leptophobia, Butler, Cist. Ent. i. p. 45. 



In Mr. Butler's arrangement of the PierinEe the genus Pieris is restricted to a small 

 group having P. amathonte (Cr.) (= P. demophile) as its type, a species represented in 

 our region by P. calydonia, Bdv. It comes into his second division, having, it is said, 

 " four subcostal nervules in front wings." In our nomenclature of the wing-nervures we 

 consider that the main wing-nervures, which have their origin at the base of the wings, 

 run out to the margin ; we therefore count one branch of the subcostal less than 

 Mr. Butler. According, then, to our view, P. calydonia has three subcostal branches, 

 but the third is so close to the margin of the wing as to be almost evanescent. 

 P. protodice and P. malenka also come into Mr. Butler's Division 2 ; but in the former 

 the third subcostal branch is only present in the female and not in the male, and in 

 the latter it is absent in both sexes. Thus it seems to us that Mr. Butler's system 

 breaks down. So also as regards the number of discoidal nervures (= radial). Mr. 

 Butler bases subdivisions on the presence of one or two such nervures in the primaries, 

 but in our opinion two are always present. And, lastly, as no mention is made of sexual 

 difference in the neuration, which is certainly present, in many instances often to a 

 considerable extent, we find that Mr. Butler's revision of the genera of the subfamily of 

 Pierinae cannot profitably be followed. 



Though we are unable to arrange this section of the Pierinse upon Mr. Butler's plan, 

 we have no thoroughly satisfactory system, to put in its place ; and this can only be based 

 on a complete revision of the whole subfamily. We therefore use the term Pieris in a 

 wide sense, and include in it all the species which have the distal margin of the harpa- 

 gones in more or less simple curves, reserving for Daptoneura those species in which 

 the ventral edge of the harpagones is prolonged into a slightly incurved rod. 



