COLIAS. 153 



Mr. W. H. Edwards speaks of the rapid increase of this species in the United States 

 owing to the extension in the cultivation of red clover. We are not aware that this 

 plant is grown in Guatemala ; but Trifolium amdbile grows near Calderas, where this 

 insect was captured, and there are species of Lupinus and Astragalus in the neigh- 

 bourhood. 



3. Colias cesonia. 



Papilio cesonia, Stoll, Supp. Cram. p. 176, t. 41. ff. 2, 2 B \ 

 Zerene cesonia, Hubn. Samml. ex. Schmett. ii. t. 129 2 . 

 Meganostoma cesonia, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 360 3 . 

 Meganostoma coesonia, Streck. Cat. Butt. N. Am. p. 80 4 . 

 Megonostoma helena, Beak. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 358 \ 

 Meganostoma helena, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 360 6 . 



<$ alis sulphureis ; anticis costa et basi nigria squamis flavis interspersis, apice et margine externo introrsum 

 valde sinuatis, puncto quoque ad cellulse finem, nigris; posticis apice nigro magis introrsum sinuatis, 

 puncto duplici aurantio ad cellulae finem : subtus flavis unicoloribus, anticis puncto nigro, posticis duo bus 

 ferrugineis argenteo pupillatis ad cellularum fines, ciliis omnibus roseis. 



2 mari similis, sed alis pallidioribus colore nigro undique squamis flavis intersperso, posticis ad apicem vix 

 nigro tinctis. 



Hab. North America, Eastern States and Texas.— Mexico, Northern Sonora (Mor- 

 rison), Mazatlan, Campala (Forrer), Tierra Colorada, Rincon, Eio Papagaio, La Venta, 

 Venta de Zopilote, Acaguizotla (ff. ff. Smith), Oaxaca (Fenochio), Pinos Altos in Chi- 

 huahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Ciudad Victoria in Tamaulipas (Richardson), Cordova 

 (Bumeli), Orizaba (ff. J. Elwes), Fortin, Atoyac (ff. ff. Smith), Pinal near Puebla (ff. 

 J. Elwes) ; Guatemata, Polochic valley (F. B. G. & 0. S.), San Geronimo (Champion), 

 Central valleys (F. B. G. & 0. S.); Nicaragua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van 

 Fatten 3 6 ), Rio Sucio, San Francisco (Bogers) ; Panama, Veragua (Arce). —Colombia 

 to Bolivia ; Cuba ; Haiti. 



Stoll's description and figure of this species were based upon specimens from Georgia 1 . 

 The species is widely distributed over the Eastern States, thence to Texas and throughout 

 the mountainous parts of our country to the State of Panama. On the southern 

 continent it passes to Bolivia, but here it departs somewhat from its typical character. 

 This is also the case in Venezuela; and examples from the latter country have been called 

 by Felder Colias cerhera and C. therapis, while those from the former, according to 

 Doubleday, represent the variety C. philippa of Fabricius. 



Much of the variation is due to the amount of black at the base of the primaries and 

 to the width of the black outer border of the secondaries. As a rule both these features 

 are more developed in northern than in southern specimens, but the diversity is such 

 that we are of opinion that but little stress can be placed upon them. In Western 

 North America there is a very distinct form of this Colias called C. eurydice\ this has 

 a much broader black border to the primaries, the basal portion of the wings being 



biol. centr.-amer., Rhopal., Vol. II., November 1889. x 



