PYKBHOPYGUN.E. 245 



than, the middle. The speqies of this group rest with their wings raised over their 

 backs, but the secondaries are sometimes depressed. The cell of the primaries is 

 almost invariably less than two-thirds the length of the costa, and the antennae 

 almost always end in a point. 



As in the foregoing Families we have examined the male secondary sexual organs and 

 find an almost endless variety of structures. We have not ventured to use these characters 

 in building up any system of classification, as we consider the time is hardly come for 

 their adoption for such a purpose. But we have found them invaluable in deciding points 

 of specific distinction where the external characters are not clearly defined. In some 

 cases a slight external feature distinguishes two forms, which is sometimes greatly 

 strengthened by a marked divergence in the male genitalia, and sometimes no difference 

 can be traced in these organs. In the former case a specific difference between two 

 similar forms can safely be conceded, while in the latter the opposite course should be 

 followed. Our drawings of these organs have been made somewhat diagrammatic, 

 especially as regards the upper member or tegumen, but care has been taken to re- 

 present all the various points and lobes in their relative positions, as well as the outline 

 and serration of the edges of the harpagones or harpes. 



The Hesperiidse are cosmopolitan in their range, and even many American genera 

 extend into the Old World ; but we do not propose to enter here upon any discussion 

 concerning the details of their distribution, a subject which will be examined 

 elsewhere. 



Subfam. PYBRH0PYG1NJE. 



Pyrrhopygini, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Beige, xxi. pp. 12 et seq. (1878). 

 Pyrrhopyginte, Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, p. 10. 



This subfamily contains the whole of the species belonging to the old genus 

 Pyrrhopyge in its undivided state, Oxynetra and Myscelus, and includes upwards of 

 100 species, all of which belong to the Neotropical fauna. The most prominent 

 characteristic of the subfamily as a whole is the structure of the antenna?, which have 

 stout shafts and a long, thick, blunt club, more or less bent into a hook. This club 

 never terminates in an acute point as is the case in nearly all other Hesperiida?. The 

 palpi are densely hairy, except the third joint, which is short, erect, and naked, the 

 point just appearing beyond the hairs of the second joint. The cell of the primaries is 

 long and always more than two-thirds the length of the costa. There is no costal fold 

 or any outward sexual brand on the wings or body. The lower discocellular is always 

 shorter than the middle. The radial of the hind wing is generally but not always 

 absent. The hind tibiae have terminal and subterminal pairs of spurs, the latter usually 

 feeble, and even absent in Ardaris. The thorax and body are very stout and strong, 



