THEAGENES. 461 



includes two of the large-spotted form, and without a costal fold, from Ecuador, but 

 unfortunately there is no precise locality indicated. 



The male genitalia are very similar to those of T. lactifera, but the inner portion 

 of the upper lobe of the right harpe is narrower and longer compared with that of 

 T. stator or T. hcematospila ; the inner portion of the lower lobe of the right harpe is 

 much shorter and differently shaped. (See Tab. XCI. fig. 35.) 



Subfam. PAMPHILINAE*. 

 Pamphilina, Watson, P. Z. S. 1893, pp. 9, 69. 



The chief characters of this subfamily, as given by Watson, were noticed on pp. 244, 245 

 It must be observed, however, that his work on the American Pamphilinae was perforce 

 very hurried and incomplete, on account of the limited time remaining at his disposal 

 before leaving England for foreign service. No attempt was made by him to deal with 

 the Pamphilinae as a whole, not even of those in the British Museum. Descriptions of 

 a certain number of genera, for which Hubnerian and other names were available, were 

 given, and a type mentioned, but little more. We are therefore correct in stating that 

 no serious attempt has hitherto been made to deal with the Tropical- American members 

 of this subfamily, and our work here is, of course, almost entirely limited to the insects 

 inhabiting the region at present under investigation. After a prolonged study of our 

 abundant material, we have quite failed to find any satisfactory method of grouping 

 the very numerous species into genera by the neuration of the wings alone. We have 

 therefore been compelled to place a considerable amount of reliance upon the form and 

 position of the brand on the primaries, when present, in the males, as, indeed, has already 

 been done by Scudder and Watson, for generic separation. This secondary sexual 

 character has helped us to group many species, and their real affinity has often been 

 proved by a similarity of structure of the male genitalia, when examined. In three or 

 four genera, Calpodes, &c, the cell of the primaries is fully two-thirds the length of the 

 costa. The lower radial nervure of these wings is nearly always depressed at its point 

 of origin, except in some few genera belonging to Groups I., II., and VII., in which the 

 discocellulars are nearly equal and also more transverse than usual. The brands, it 

 must be noted, are sometimes covered by the larger scales, and cannot always be 

 properly seen till these are removed. We intend to figure, where necessary, the fore 

 wing denuded of scales, to show the exact shape and position of these brands, this 

 character being of paramount importance for the identification of many closely allied 

 similarly-coloured species. The hind tibiae, except in three genera only, have two 

 pairs of spurs. The form of the male genitalia has helped us to separate many obscure 

 species, as well as to identify various worn specimens, and we have, as in the Hesperiinee, 



* At Mr. Salvin's death we had almost finished our enumeration of the Hesperiinse, but had done very little 

 jointly with the Pamphilinae : the latter will now be completed by myself. — F. J). G. 



biol. cente.-»amer., Rhopal., Vol. II., June 1900. 3 o 



