112 DIPTERA. 



an elongate cone to a flattened onion with a filiform style ; the front tibiae are either 

 smooth or beset with spinules ; the front tarsi vary in shape and in the nature of their 

 pubescence ; the front ungues vary in size ; the pulvilli, generally absent, are in some 

 species fully developed ; the proboscis, usually withdrawn within the mouth, in some 

 cases projects considerably beyond the oral margin. 



The number of species from all parts of the world which belong to the genus 

 Anthrax thus circumscribed is still very large, and the next step to take would be to 

 arrange them in natural groups ; to define, as far as possible, these groups ; to point out 

 which of them are cosmopolitan and which only peculiar to certain countries ; and to 

 discover the conditions of life of each group. With the small materials before me I 

 cannot, of course, accomplish such an undertaking ; I have nevertheless attempted to 

 pave the way towards it by grouping the small number of species which I can examine, 

 and have even given names to two or three groups which I thought sufficiently well 

 characterized ; but I treat them merely as subgenera, with the exception of Lepidanthrax, 

 which I thought sufficiently distinct for an immediate separation. 



In the subgenus Anthrax, sensu stricto, I place the species in the relationship of 

 the original Anthrax, the European Anthrax morio, Scopoli, and the North-American 

 A. morioides, Say, and A. seminigra, Loew. Their face is only slightly convex, and not 

 conically projecting ; their proboscis withdrawn ; their antennae have the third joint 

 more or less short-conical, with a more or less abruptly beginning, long, undivided style ; 

 their front tibiee are provided with very minute, easily abraded spinules ; the front tarsi 

 have, above and below, the characteristic pubescence of minute, erect hairs ; some of the 

 species have very distinct and others only rudimentary (although perceptible under 

 a magnifying-power) pulviUi ; the prevailing colour of the body and wings is black. 

 (The details will be given below.) 



My subgenus H^alantkrax contains the group with hyaline wings and a yellow fur 

 on the body, a group equally well represented in Europe and North America, the species 

 having been bred from pupae of ' Lepidoptera,' principally Noctuae. The species have 

 some characters in common, which will be detailed below. 



A considerable number of the species described by me (sub Nos. 1-13) belong to a 

 large group which have a conical face ; smooth front tibiae ; tapering front tarsi, with 

 more or less indistinct joints, a characteristic delicate pubescence above and below, and 

 very small ungues ; a more or less elongate-conical third joint of the antennae, gradually 

 merging into a style, &c. In all these characters this group shows, if not some 

 relationship, at least some analogy, to Exoprosopa. Within this group several smaller 

 groups can be formed, like that of A. alcyon, &c. (Nos. 3-5), which seems peculiar to 

 America, and has a characteristic coloration of body and wings ; the group of A. selene, 

 sp. n. (No. 11), also represented by a series of species in Europe {A. fenestrata Sec), with 

 characteristic fenestrate spots on the wings and white cross-bands on the third and 

 fourth, and not on the second, abdominal segments; the group of A. fulvohirta (see 



