310 OETHOPTEEA. 



Tribus PHANEROPTERIN^: * 



Phaneropterida, Brunner v. Wattenwyl, Monographic der Phaneroptiden. 

 Camptozipha, Serville, Hist. Nat. des Orthopteres, p. 399. 



Tarsi depressi. TibisB anticse foraminibus instruct®. Tarsorum articulus primus et secundus latere teretes 

 (latere nee sulcati, nee laminatim extensi). Tibiae postieae supra utrinque spina apieali, subtus utrinque 

 spinis duabus apicalibus instruct®. (Brunner.) f 



The Phaneropterinae constitute a special type of Locustidse. They have the elytra 

 more or less coriaceous, occupying a particular position, being placed when at rest on 

 either side of the body in a somewhat perpendicular plane, uniting together on the 

 back by their inner (sutural) margin, in the form of an acutely angled roof. This 

 position is due to the discoidal field being here fused in a single plane with the 

 marginal field, and thus becoming lateral, contrary to what obtains in the Gryllidse, 

 where the discoidal field fused with the anal field has become dorsal. Thus in the 

 Phaneropterinae the anal field alone remains dorsal ; but it is much reduced, making, 

 when the elytra are at rest, a small basal field of lanceolate form. 



The elytra overlap in their small dorsal field only, and, in contradistinction to what 

 happens in the Gryllidse, it is the left elytron which covers the right one, this being 

 the natural position of the elytra in Locustidee. The lateral and the dorsal fields are 

 separated nearly at a right angle by an acute ridge, which is formed by the posterior 

 (second) ulnar vein, this vein being continued all along the sutural margin of the elytron. 



* Principal works referred to for this tribe : — 



S. Scuddee, Materials for a Monograph of the North-American Orthoptera (Boston, Journ. of Nat. Hist. vii. 

 no. 3). Cambridge, 1862. 



C. Stal, Observations orthopterologiques, pars 2 (Bihang till k. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, Band iv. 

 no. 5). Stockholm, 1876. 



C. Beunnee t. Wattenwyl, Monographie der Phaneroptiden (Wien, 1878). This is a very complete treatise 

 of the tribe and a classic work, which has really established the knowledge of Phaneropterinae, and which we 

 could follow without any change in the classification. 



Id. Additamenta zur Monographie der Phaneropteriden ("Wien, 1891, br. 8vo). 



t Nomenclature. — Brunner v. "Wattenwyl designates under the term fastigium verticis the anterior apex of 

 the vertex between the antennae. This part we have always named rostrum verticis, principally when it is 

 narrow, but we retain the terms used by Brunner v. "Wattenwyl when we reproduce any of his diagnoses. 



The same author has adopted the nomenclature of Stal for the elytra, giving the name vence radiales to 

 the three nervures we designate by the terms vena humeralis, v. discoidalis, and v. media. We have no 

 reason to change our nomenclature adopted from the beginning and which applies to all the families of 

 Orthoptera. It must be noticed that in the Phaneropterinae these three veins are fused together at the base, 

 especially the vena media, which issues from the middle of the discoidal vein as if it was a posterior branch of 

 that vein. In Stal's nomenclature this vein corresponds to the vena radialis posterior. Brunner v. 

 Wattenwyl calls it ramus posterior vence radialis. We call it vena media so as to respect the homologies in 

 the nomenclature. 



