374 OETHOPTEEA. 



vel obtusus, subtus a fastigio frontis remote sejunctus vel cum illo contiguus ac per sulcum ab illo separatus. 

 Pronotum sulcis transversis plerumque obsoletis, saltern posteriore nullo. Tibiae anticae supra teretes, 

 utrinque haud sulcata?. Tibiae posticae supra utrinque spina apicali, subtus utrinque spinis apicalibus 

 armatse. Elytra marium tympano instructa. (Brunner, Medtenbacher.) 



In this tribe the elytra when at rest are placed as in the Phaneropterinse, but they 

 are generally narrow and elongate, with less characteristic veins. In the female the 

 dorsal field is coriaceous, with the veins usually more or less obliterated. Normally 

 there are visible, in addition to the anal vein, one or two regular longitudinal axillary 

 veins. In the males we find a tambourine much as in the Phaneropterinee (comp. 

 antea, p. 312). 



In the left elytron (Tab. XIX. fig. 33) there is a stout transverse stridulating vein (A), 

 sometimes much swollen and polished, attenuated towards the inner margin. Behind 

 this vein there is a post-axillary field (s), in the shape of an elongate trapezoid; this 

 field is limited at the base by a strong transverse vein (z 1 ), which often has the appear- 

 ance of a second stridulating vein, as in the Phaneropterinse (comp. antea, p. 312). 

 Generally, the whole dorsal field is coriaceous, but in some genera the external and 

 central cells become membranaceous and form a regular tambourine as in the right 

 elytron (e. g., Exacentrus, Copiophora, &c). 



In the right elytron (Tab. XIX. fig. 34) the stridulating vein (A) is less strong than 

 in the left elytron. The post-axillary area (s) is membranaceous and forms a brilliant 

 speculum. The remaining cells of the middle part of the dorsal field are also frequently 

 membranaceous, especially the ano-axillary cell (external speculum) (e). 



The following description of figures 33 & 34 will give the explanation of the 

 homologies of the male tambourine of the ConocephalinEe (comp. antea, p. 312) : — 

 Figures 33 & 34 represent the basal part of the dorsal (musical) field of the elytra 

 of Copiophora cultricornis. This species is selected for figuring because it has a 

 membranaceous tambourine in both elytra. 



Left elytron (fig. 33). — The ridge separating the dorsal from the lateral field is 

 represented by the line u, formed by the ulnar vein. Inward of this, we find the 

 straight and fine anal vein (a). The first axillary vein (x) which follows is fine at 

 the base and soon bifurcates. Its inner branch becomes transverse and is much 

 swollen to form the stridulating vein (A); its outer branch continues and forms the 

 post-axillary vein (z) (the outer or first post-axillary vein which anastomoses in u with 

 the anal vein, a). Starting near the base of the elytron, we also find the second 

 axillary vein, which is double (x 1 , x"). This is strongly transverse : its two branches 

 often become fused into one (0) and separate again, as shown in the figure ; but they 

 are always united on the inner margin and with the inner end of the stridulating 

 vein (A), to afford the latter a solid support (which in the Gryllida3 is named the anal 

 or musical knot (n)) (comp. antea, p. 217). The second axillary vein (#', x") after its 

 fusion in the anal knot curves outward and becomes more or less parallel with the 



