INTRODUCTION. xili 
Cotyledon umbilicus Europe, N. Asia, and mountains of Tropical 
Africa. . 
Europe, N. Asia, N. America, and Australia. 
Europe, Asia, N. Africa, N. and 8. America, and 
Australasia. 
Western Europe, mountains of Tropical Africa. 
Europe, Asia, N. and 8. America, Australasia. 
Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia, and N. America. 
North and South temperate and Arctic regions 
and mountains of Tropical Africa. 
Temperate and cold regions throughout the 
World. 
Lythrum salicaria 
Calystegia sepium 
Sibthorpia europea . 
Brunella vulgaris 
Lycopus europzeus 
Deschampsia ceespitosa . 
Luzula campestris 
It is not intended to discuss the various means by which the above-named plants 
may have been thus dispersed—whether by migrations or natural agencies, inasmuch as 
this has already been done as exhaustively, perhaps, as the data permit. 
The following table, extracted from an abstract of a paper by Mr. T. Comber on the 
world distribution of British flowering plants *, is a further illustration of the relatively 
wide distribution of what Sir Joseph Hooker has designated the Scandinavian Flora. It 
is a summary of the distribution of the vascular plants regarded as indigenous to 
Britain, divided into four climatal classes, according to the latitude or altitude they 
inhabit. The first column contains the names of these classes, which are sufficiently 
descriptive to be intelligible; the sixth column the total number of each class, and the 
intermediate columns the number of species extending to the countries or areas named. 
General Distribution of British Plants. (After Comber.) 
Europe Europe 
Europe. and and Universal. Total. Per cent. 
Asia. America. 
Southern. ....... cee eee eee 149 123 6 16 294 26 
Temperate ........ eee eee 61 299 12 264 636 57 
Northern ........---e eee 12 13 5 94 124 11 
Arctic... 2 cee ee eee mm) 3 8 53 69 6 
Total .......eeeeeee 227 438 31 427 1123 100 
Per cent. .......--55- 20 39 3 38 100 
Jt will be observed from the totals in the sixth column that none of the species 
* ‘Journal of Botany, 1874, p. 88. The original appeared in the ‘ Transactions of the Historic Society of 
Lancashire and Cheshire.’ 
