XXVlil 
INTRODUCTION. 
a brief description of them would be; and where it is necessary the exact boundaries 
will be indicated in any comparisons made. 
Regions. 
IT, Pan#arcric . 
II. Ersior1an 
TIT. Orrentar 
IV. AvstRaian . 
V. NrEorroricau 
VI. Nearcric 
Wallace’s Table of Zoological Regions and Subregions. 
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Subregions. 
. North Europe. 
. Mediterranean (or S. Europe). 
. Siberia. 
. Manchuria (or Japan). 
. East Africa. 
West Africa. 
. South Africa. 
. Madagascar. 
. Hindostan (or Central India). 
Ceylon. 
. Indo-China (or Himalayas). 
. Indo-Malaya. 
. Austro-Malaya. 
. Australia. 
. Polynesia. 
New Zealand. 
Chili (or S. Temp. America). 
. Brazil. 
. Mexico (or Trop. N. America). 
. Antilles. 
. California. 
- Rocky Mountains. 
. Alleghanies (or East U.S.). 
. Canada. 
Remarks. 
Transition to Ethiopian. 
Transition to Nearctic. 
Transition to Oriental. 
Transition to Palearctic. 
Transition to Ethiopian. 
Transition to Palearctic. 
Transition to Australian. 
Transition to Oriental. 
Transition to Neotropical. 
Transition to Australian. 
Transition to Nearctic. 
Transition to Neotropical. 
Transition to Palearctic. 
Before explaining my own ideas on the primary phyto-geographical regions of the 
world, it may be of interest to give in outline the two latest attempts to define them, 
especially as one of these has been published in the form of a very elaborate atlas for 
educational purposes. 
In 1882 Dr. Engler * grouped the botanical regions of the earth, 
on the assumption that there existed in the Tertiary period four fundamental elements 
of the present vegetation, namely—the “ Arctic Tertiary ” element, the “ Paleotropical ” 
element, the “Neotropical” element, and the ‘Old Oceanic” element, which he 
* Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte der extratropischen Florengebiete der siidlichen Hemisphiire und 
der tropischen Gebiete, pp. 326-347. 
