HISTOEY OF BOTANICAL EXPLOEATION. 123 



positae described in the ' Descriptions Novorum Vegetabilium.' These plants formed 

 a part of Lambert's herbarium, which was subsequently dispersed in small lots ; some 

 having been purchased for continental museums. 



In 1825 a new period of activity set in, and continued almost unbroken for many 

 years ; but few of the numerous travellers had received a scientific training, hence the 

 botanical results were by no means so satisfactory as they might have been. Indeed, 

 the principal object of many of these travellers was the introduction of living plants 

 into European gardens. 



Carl Sartorius left Darmstadt in 1825 or 1826 on account of political disturbances, 

 and took refuge in Mexico, where in 1830 he bought some land at Mirador, at the foot 

 of the Orizaba mountain-chain, and devoted himself to its cultivation. He made large 

 collections of plants at every opportunity, and on his death in 1872, on his Hacienda at 

 Mirador, he left his herbarium to the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. He was 

 soon followed by several others. Here and there we find a plant in the Kew Herbarium 

 collected by Sartorius, and acquired in exchange from Berlin. 



Wilhelm Friedrich von KarwinsM, a Bavarian naturalist, who had already travelled 

 in Brazil, was sent to Mexico in 1826 by the German- American Mining Society of 

 Dusseldorf and the Bavarian Government, to make collections of objects of Natural 

 History. He remained five years, chiefly in the province of Oaxaca, and sent home 

 great numbers of living plants (especially Cactacese and Agaves) from there and from 

 Ismiquilpan, Zimapan, &c. In 1840 he again visited Mexico for the Russian Govern- 

 ment with the same object, returning to Munich in 1843, while his collections were 

 sent to St. Petersburg. 



Jean Luis Berlandier, a native of Ghent, proceeded to Mexico about the same date 

 as the last-named traveller, and made considerable collections in the North-eastern 

 States of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Nuevo Leon, and Coahuila, between 1827 and 

 and 1830 ; but his largest collections were made at a later date in Texas. He died at 

 Matamoros in 1851. There is a set of his plants in the Kew Herbarium, but from the 

 vagaries in the numbering it is impossible to judge whether it is complete or otherwise. 



Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede, a Doctor of Medicine, was accompanied by 

 Ferdinand Deppe in an expedition to Mexico in 1828, the latter having previously 

 visited the country alone. Starting from Vera Cruz they explored all the neighbour- 

 hood of Jalapa, ascended Orizaba, and in the cold season visited Papantla and Misantla, 

 making large collections of plants &c. There is a small set of their plants in the Kew 

 Herbarium, labelled, we believe, in Schiede's handwriting ; but the first set is at Berlin. 

 Schlechtendal, who, in conjunction with Chamisso, described a large number of the 



r2 



