HISTOKY OF BOTANICAL EXPLOKATION. 129 



Herbarium are labelled Guatemala. We believe the first set of his collections is 

 at Vienna. Friedrich Ernst Leibold undertook a journey to Mexico, Cuba, and 

 Arkansas in 1839 * ; and some of his plants were described by Reichenbach, Kunze, 

 and Schlechtendal f . He died at Havana in 1864, when on his way for the scientific 

 exploration of Yucatan. 



Frederik Michael Liebmann. — One of the most active and productive botanists who 

 have collected in Mexico, as a reference to our Bibliography at the end will show. He 

 was born at Elsinore in 1813, and was educated at the College there, and afterwards 

 at Copenhagen. In 1840, with the help of a grant from the King of Denmark, he 

 undertook a journey into Mexico to make botanical and other scientific collections, a 

 gardener (Rathsack) being sent with him to assist him. Landing at Vera Cruz, he 

 started with Baron Karwinsky for the interior, and visited Colipa, Misantla, and 

 Xicaltepec, and then, separating from Karwinsky, went on to Papantla and Tuzutlan. 

 He made Mirador his headquarters during his stay in Mexico, and undertook several 

 expeditions from there : the first being the ascent of the peak of Orizaba with Ghies- 

 breght and others. The results of this expedition not only added largely to Liebmann's 

 collection of plants, but also determined more exactly the limits of the different regions 

 of vegetation. At the end of 1841 he made an expedition by Huatusco, Cosmomatepec, 

 and Tomatlan to the town of Orizaba, travelling west to Aculzingo and south to 

 Chapulco and Tehuacan de las Granadas. About this time Rathsack was sent home 

 with forty-four cases of living plants and seven of dried ones. From Tehuacan 

 Liebmann visited the desolate country round Tecomavaca, Tiutitlan, Cuicatlan, and 

 Domingilla, and from thence the oak-forests of the Cuesta de San Juan del Estado, the 

 valley of Oaxaca, and the ruined Palace of Mitla were visited. He also ascended the 

 celebrated Mount Sempoaltepec, the vegetation of which differs widely from that of 

 Orizaba, and made excursions into the little-known mountainous region of Chinantla 

 and Pelado to the silver-mines at Yavesia. He next crossed the Cordilleras to Pochutla, 

 whence the excessive drought drove him to Guatulco. From here he travelled along 

 the coast to Tehuantepec, thence returned to Oaxaca, and finally reached Mirador in 

 January 1843. He returned to Copenhagen in June, bringing with him a herbarium 

 of 40,000 plants and considerable zoological collections. He was made Professor of 

 Botany in 1845, and Director of the Botanic Gardens in 1849. We are largely indebted 

 to him for the information contained in the following pages. Alone and in conjunction 

 with other botanists he published many of his plants, but, dying at the comparatively 

 early age of forty-three, many of the natural orders were left untouched, and one of 

 his most important works J was unfinished. This was afterwards completed by 



* Botanische Zeitung, 1864, p. 328. 



t Linnsea, xviii. p. 302. 



X Chenes de l'Amerique Tropicale. 



biol. CENTB.-AMEK., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887, s 



