Vol. V., No. 10.] BUuLLeTin oF THE Torrey Boranicat CLus. [New York, Oct,, 1874. 
-§ 116. Grasshoppers.—No ornamental plant is more frequently 
found in country gardens and escaped to the roadside than Hem- 
erocallis fulva, L., the common Orange Day Lily, so called, because 
the flowers which open in the morning close at or toward night. 
They are to be seen next day twisted up, and remaining for a day 
or so, shrivel up and fall off. On opening one of these twisted 
flowers one morning in July, I was surprised to find in it a good- 
sized and vigorous grasshopper, who was doubtless equally sur- 
prised and rejoived to be delivered from his prison. I had often 
fonnd the dead bodies of grasshoppers clinging to the tops of grass 
culms or other slender plants, and supposed that the insect had 
climbed, in its feeble old age, to enjoy the warmth of the sun or es- 
cape the chill dews nearer the ground. The following evening being 
cool (it was in the northern part of the State) and clear, and pro- 
mising a cold night, I examined the flowers about closing, and in 
two cases found a grasshopper resting near the bottom of the cup. 
I looked for them again in the morning, but they had made their 
escape, perhaps alarmed by the gradual closing of the flower. The 
remaining evenings of my stay were not clear, nor dewy, and I 
found no more grasshoppers in the flowers. W.H. L.6 
§ 117. Helianthus tnberosus, L.— We have referred in another 
article to the question of the origin of the common Artichoke. We 
condense what DeCandolle says on the subject: 
The root has been cultivated in Europe since the beginning of the 
seventeenth century, as coming from America. Columna, one of 
the first to speak of it, saw it in the Farnese garden, and names it 
Aster Peruanus tuberosus. Bauhin, in 1619, calis it Chrysanthemum 
latitolium Brasilianum. Parkinson gave it the name of Battatas 
Canadensis. Several authors of this period give the vague epithet 
Indicum, Linnzeus adopted the opinion of the Canadian origin, 
which is decidedly an error, at least as to Canada properly so 
called, but the term might very well apply to the more southern 
regions formerly vaguely comprised under the name of Canada. 
The plant has not been found wild anywhere. From its mode of 
lite it ought to come from a temperate climate, and, according to 
all the evidence, from America. I doubt its being a native of Bra- 
zil, for of forty species described in the Prodromus there is not 
one of that country. The Peruvian origin has in its favor the 
name at the time of its introduction, and the fact that there exist 
two or three Helianths in the chain of the Andes. Nevertheless, 
Humboldt did not see the species cultivated in any part of the 
Spanish colonies, and the great majority of the species of the 
genus come from Mexico and the United States. Martius did 
not see the Artichoke in Brazil. ae 
According to Dr. Gray, the best guide in North American 
botany, the probable original is our 4. doronicoides, which bas 
a “root stock thickening into elongated tubers.” Man. 5th edit., 
page 258. ae vee a 
