31 
It was only in 1776 that the real commerce in Peruvian Cin- 
chona bark began. Don Francisco Renquifo discovered near 
Huanuco, on the mountain San Christo val de Cuchero, the 
CO. nitida of Ruiz, a species very nearly related to the orange- 
coloured one of Mutis (Cinchona lancifolia). An enterprising 
- man, Don Emanuel Alcarraz, brought the first sample of it to 
Lima, and turned the use of it to advantage. The editors of 
the Flora Peruviana did certainly not penetrate, in 1779, as far 
as the Amazon River itself, but only to those rivers which flow 
immediately into it. They visited the beautiful valleys of Thar- 
ma, Xauxa, and Huamalies, and in 1779 determined the bota- 
nical characters of the North Peruvian species. This was con- 
sequently seven years after M. Mutis began his labours on the 
Cinchone of New Granada. Shortly afterwards, medicinal 
Cinchona bark was discovered at almost one and the— same 
time in the most northern and in the most southern part of So 
America, in the mountains of Santa Martha, and in the king- 
dom of Buenosayres, near La Paz and Cochabamba, where a 
naval officer, Rubin de Celis, and the German botanist Taddeus 
Haenke, oe he altenhigns of the inhabitants to this value 
produce; ent! « 
_ After die + year “1780, Shores, Europe was scieiabtniaditty 
supplied from the ports of Payta, Guayaquil, Lima, Busnes 
Carthagena, and Santa Martha, with Barks of various | vedicina 
powers. Of these barks, some went direct to Spain, and som: 
were transmitted by the smuggling” de to North inerica and 
; England. West-Indian Cinchona barks were also occasionally 
mixed with those of the continent. They gave the name of Cin- 
chona to barks which indeed possess great febrifuge powers, but 
which are derived from trees which do not even belong to the genus 
Cinchona. Thus they spoke in Cadiz of Cascarilla or Quina de 
