BB 
24, Hypnum fluviatile, Swtz.—Not rare. 
25. Hypnum frigidums C. J/i/7—Growing with Bryum Warneum. 
26. Hypnum Lechleri, C. Mii//.—On low ground. ; 
27. Hypnum fluitans, Zinn.—In fresh water and among bogs. 
28. Hypnum riparium, Linn.—In wet places. 
§ 50. Preissia commutata.—I found yesterday in the Panama 
Ravine, growing on the rock-bottom of the creek, a new liverwort, 
Preissia commutata, said in Sullivan’s Manual to grow at Lake 
Superior and Niagara Falls, the only two habitats hitherto known 
in this country. Male and female, fruit and summit-buds for new 
growths, were all present. 
Panama, N. Y., Sept. 16¢h. Epwarp §, Buresss. 
§ 51. Closing of Flowers at Night.—The tendency of many flowers 
to open only in sunlight, and to close at night, is a fact familiar 
enough, especially in the case of many Composite. It would be 
interesting, however, to obtain some more definite data in regard 
to this subject, than we ordinarily possess. Iam not aware whether 
it has ever been observed that the “ Sow-thistle,” Sonchus oleraceus, 
is a marked instance of this tendency ; but so itis. In the grounds 
of the Hathorn Spring, at Saratoga, there is a group of these plants. 
During a recent sojourn in that place, I was wont to visit this 
spring, for a drink, early in the morning and pretty late in the 
evening. While the plants always attracted me in the morning, 
by their numerous heads of delicate yellow flowers, at night not a 
flower could be found—all being tightly closed. When once I had 
noticed this fact, I looked day after day, with care; but the result 
was invariably the same. I regret that I did not find opportunity 
to ascertain at what hour the closing begins. 
§ 52. Field Days of the Club.—Among the interesting plants 
observed on the field days of this season the following may be 
mentioned: At New Durham, along the R. R. track: Frangula 
Caroliniana ; among the rocks on the hill, Silene inflata, Tris 
Virginica. At the Homestead station of the Northern R. R. of 
N. J.: Diodia teres, Glyceria obtusa. At W. Hoboken: Ranuncu- 
lus alismaefolius. At Guttenberg: Coronilla varia, first detected 
by Mr. Wilber ; Fragaria Indica, At Weehawken : Chenopodium 
glaucum, which seems to be more common than C. Botrys ; Hu- 
patorium sessilifoleum, detected by Mr. W. H. Rudkin; Melissa 
officinalis, Gymnostichium Hystrix, At Hoboken: Echinosper- 
mum Lappula. This plant which is new to our district, was de- 
tected by Mr. A. Brown. Its curious mouse-like odor was pointed 
out by Mr. Rudkin. At Silver Lake, Staten Island: Melanthium 
Virginicum. At Woodside, L. 1.: Geranium pusillum. The sta- 
tion for this plant was visited, and though it used to be abundant, 
but two or three small specimens were found. At East Williams- 
burgh: Scirpus lineatus ; Galingsoga parviflora, which is becom- 
ing common in the court-yards of sss oe New York, and the 
neighboring towns of New Jersey. In the grounds of the U.S. 
Marine Hospital -it is very abundant. The Zypha angustifolia 
growing here has thick spikes and rather broad leaves, and seems to 
