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Amarantus ; several insignificant Polygonums; Loranthus; Euphor- 
bias, Crotons, Ricinus communis; evergreen Oaks; Alnus orientalis; 
a few Salices; Platanus orientalis; Urticaceae, Ficus Carica and 
F. Sycamorus, (Zaccheus’ Tree); Morus (the silk-worm variety and 
others); Pinus Pinea, and P. Haleppensis, Cupressus; Palmeae; 
Araceae; Typha; Alisma Plantago; Hydrocharidaceae; a few small 
Orchids; Musa; a few Irises, some of gorgeous colours; ‘l'amus 
communis; Smilax Mauritanica; afew Tulips; some Melanthaceae; a 
sprinkling of the simpler monocotyledons, though less numerous than 
in more humid climates, among them however is the magnificent 
Arundo Donax, 15 feet in height. Of Filices, Adiantum Capillus- 
Veneris, Grammitis leptophylla, Ceterach officinarum, Polypodium 
vulgare, Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, Pteris longifolia, Nephro- 
dium pallidum, Cheilanthes odora, the world-wide Asplenium Tri- 
chomanes; a few Selaginellae; many, as yet unstudied, Mosses and 
inferior Cryptogams. : 
3. The median mountain region. ‘This region comprehends the 
mountain slopes from the level of the plain to a height of 6,000 feet. 
Added to the flora of the plain, are many characteristic species, as 
Anemone blanda; Ranunculus cuneatus; Delphinium Anthoroideum; . 
Bongardia Chrysogonum; Erysimum gonocaulon; Hesperis pendula; 
Viola sylvatica; Gypsophila Libanotica; Rhammus alaternus; Acer 
Monspessulanum, A. Hyrcanum, y. Reygassei, A. Syriacum; thorn 
Astragali as A Drusorum; Erica manipuliflora [E. vagans, L., vet 
(confined to a zone of altitude from 1,000 to 2,000 feet on rocks facing 
to the north), many interesting Umbelliferae, as Prangos asperula, 
Carum elegans, Pimpinella peregrina; Eryngium glomeratum ; many 
spring Compositae as Cyclops, Kentrophyllum, and Atractylis; 
Labiatae, as Origanum Libanoticum, Stachys Italica, Thymbra 
spicata, Lavandula Stoechas; Juglans regia; Quercus Cerris; many 
Colchicums, Crocuses and Orchids; a few grasses and sedges, and 
added to the ferns of the littoral region, the world-wide Pteris Aqui- 
lina, Osmunda regalis, Blechnum spicatum, Nothochlzna lanuginosa, 
Asplenium Bourgzi, Scolopendrium officinarum, and S. Hemionitis. 
Anti-Lebanon corresponds in a general way with the lower 
Lebanon. Its botany, as that of the Nusairy Mountains, remains 
to be studied. ; ei : 
4. High Lebanon and Hermon, This region is subalpine, and 
contains such characteristic plants as Ranunculus demissus, R. 
crymophilus; Papaver Libanoticum ; Corydalis rutaefolia; Hesperis 
Kotchyana, Aubretia Libanotica, Draba Vesicaria; Dianthus Libano- 
ticus; Gypsophila hirsuta and G. mollis; Viola Libanotica, V. ebrac- 
teolata; Astragalus dictyocarpus, A. Hermonis; Vicia canescens ; 
Pimpinella tri-radiata. Eryngium Heldreichii; Primula acaulis ; 
Acantholimon Libanoticum; Larix Cedrus. These mountains share 
the floras of both the Caucasus and Himalayas. _ 
5. Cale-Syria. This elevated lake bed, opening north at Hems 
into the table land which bounds Syria to the east, and southward 
into the plain of Merj Ayun, exhibits characteristics of the lower 
mountain floras of Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, and during the dry 
season some of those of the great Syrian desert. Along the rivers 
