224 
may be written on the subject for their improvement. But one other 
point of our friends and then I shall proceed to the consideration 
of the main object of these papers. It is to be admitted, for boiling 
and dissecting, their dishevelled specimens,—but not mouldy ones,— 
may answer very fairly every purpose, but this argument fails when 
_applied to the herbarium, for it is only in extreme cases we wish to 
have our specimens doi/ed down and picked to pieces. Figuratively,’ 
the herbarium is a book of reference, and as a book of reference let 
its workmanship be such that we can take in it an unaffected pride 
and a hearty pleasure, while its scientific value will not be impaired 
but enhanced by these qualities. Lyman. H. Hoysrapr. . 
Note.—Mr., Hoysradt requests us to say that his Catalogue of 
Pine Plains Plants will be completed in the July or August BULLETIN. 
§ 232. Growth of Exogens.—The recent observations on this 
subject by Mr. Willis and Mr. Waring remind us, that Lindley, in the 
Penny Cyclopedia, and in the Vegetable Kingdom, under the head of 
Exogens, has treated of some remarkable anomalies of growth, and 
refers to similar observations made by Jussieu, Schultz, Decaisne, 
Gaudichaud, Schleiden and others. Wehope that some new light 
will be thrown on the subject from the present fresh start. Calycan- 
thus, (lind. Veg. King. sub. voce,) presents a fine subject for study. 
Mr. Willis reminds us that in the Spring of 1877 he presented 
to the club a number of the cross sections of exogenous stems and 
took occasion to draw attention to abnormal formations of rings of 
growth, in some of them, one in Robinia Pseudacacia, which seemed 
to be pinched off on one side or to fade quite away, while some in a 
cross section of Rhizophora Mangel appeared not only to present 
complete faults, to use a geological expression, but to possess no 
corresponding part on the other side of the centre of growth. Ina 
specimen of Abies Canadensis, appeared a wide semi-ring the ends 
of which were pinched off on opposite sides of the half section, the 
termini presenting a cuneate form. He had also noticed the same 
thing in an oak. 
§ 233: Viola sagittata, Ait., Variation.—Leaves shorter than in 
V. sag., varying from ovate-oblong to nearly orbicular, thick, crenate, 
and, with the broad, fleshy petioles, softly hairy on both sides, but 
the under side shiny; spur shorter and broader than in V. sag., 
stigma not so strongly beaked ; flowers small, purple-blue, varying 
to white, with purple spur, and lower petals purple-streaked, as in 
V. lanceolata, L. : 
This form is so strikingly different from V. sagittata, Ait., that I, 
at first, believed it to be a distinct species, but Dr. Gray says it is a 
form of sagittata, and suggests the possibility of insect agency having 
produced the white forms. Specimens since found, however, seem to 
indicate a gradual variation from blue to white. H, H. Ruspy. 
LTerms—One Dollar per annum beginning with the ¥anuary number. For the Botanical 
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with index,and photograph of Dr. Torrey, $3.75. Copies of Constitution and By-Laws 
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Orders on Station K, NV. Y. Adi subscriptions or orders filled only on receipt af the money. 
The Club meets regularly the last Tuesday of the month in the Herbarium, Columbia College, 
at 7:30 P.M. Botanists are invited to attend. Dr. Tuurser, the President of the Club, 
may be found at 245 Broadway, 
. 
