235 
the middle of the month, quite a bed of Lipparis Lilitfolia, Rich., 
quite near Larchmont Station, N. H.R. R. We are reminded, there- 
by, that a lady showed us this spring from Premium Point, in the same 
neighborhood, Smilacina stellata, Desf., Uvularia perfoliata, L., and 
Castilleia coccinea, 1. Mr. Le Roy showed us latély where Bed/s 
perennis, 1... had established itself in the grounds of Columbia 
College. 
§ 244. Townsendia.—I have received a dozen or more fresh 
specimens of Townsendia Wilcoxiana, first noticed in the BULLETIN, 
Vol. 6, p. 163. They come from Dr. T. E. Wilcox, U. S. A., Camp 
Supply, Indian Territory. They conform precisely with the one 
original specimen, and description. All bear simply one head. 
None show any tendency to lose or shorten the pappus of the ray 
florets, which is quite as copious as that of the disk. 
This genus was founded chiefly on the inequality of the pappus 
in the ray and disk. Now in this new species, this inequality 
vanishes, and the question arises, can the genus be still maintained ? 
Are there other distinctive marks between Townsendia and Aster ? 
There are. Our plant, like other Townsendias, is distinguished by 
its remarkable habit, being stemless, with the leaves and head closely 
radical. The involucre scales are scarious-edged, fringed, and 
colored, never green-tipped. The rays are bifid at end, the disk 
corollas wAzte with the five teeth brown, never yellow. Pappus 
bristles flattened and barbellate; and other differences. It is 
certainly not an Aster. ALPHONSO Woop. 
§ 245. When the Leaves appear.—The following table of obser- 
vations made by Mr. N. L. Britton is a good companion piece to 
that in § 223 on the fall of the leaves. The tables differ a little in 
the plants observed, we suppose because the observer was separated 
from his former notes. The observations are of the more value as 
they refer not to individual plants but to the general appearance of 
the vegetation on one portion of Staten Island. The table of the 
number of days during which the plants are bare is particularly 
interesting. The average period seems to have been a little over 165 
days, or more than 5 months. Cephalanthus is without leafy cover- 
ing 49 days more than the average; Paulownia, 28; Juglans nigra, 
25; Ailanthus, Catalpa, Negundo, each 19 days. Paulownia and 
Ailanthus are exotics, and the others except Cephalanthus are per- 
haps out of their proper region, but Cephalanthus, which far exceeds 
the rest in its period of hibernation, is certainly at home here. Of 
those that keep their leaves the longest, the Lilac exceeds the aver- _ 
age, 45 days; Baccharis, 44; Salix Babylonica and Prunus Cerasus, 
each 31; Viburnum Lentago, Myrica cerifera and Salix alba, each 
25 days; Sambucus Canadensis, 23 ; and Quercus palustris, 20 days. 
Of these nine, four are exotics. The greatest difference between 
Lilac and Cephalanthus is 94 days, about 3 months. There are 
65 plants enumerated. Of 16 of these the hibernating period is not 
given. Lilac is in leaf-246 days, Cephalanthus 152 days. Sixty per 
cent. about 200 days. It is interesting to notice that Rosaceae keep 
their leaves a longer time, and Amentaceae (forest trees), except 
Quercus, a shorter time than the average. 
