81 



ff 



15 inches in length, including stipe. 'Regarding the locality, he fur- 

 ther says : "The Cincinnati Southern R. R. crosses the Cumberland 

 River in Pulaski Co., ^ a mile down from the bridge, where there is a 

 cascade falling over sub-carboniferous rocks. Within, around, and 

 beneath the fall is the Adiantum growing in great profusion. 



I intend visiting the locality in about two or three weeks and will 

 then write full particulars. John Williamson. 



Louisville, Ky. 



59. A Large Chestnut Tree. — A fine specimen of Castanea ves- 

 ca, L, var. Americana, Michx., stands in the township of New Barba- 

 does, Bergen County, N. J., half way between River Edge and New 

 Milford stations on the N. J. and N. Y. R. R. about one hundred feet 

 east of the railroad. The circumference at six feet from the ground 

 is eighteen feet, which is slightly increased up to the first ramifica- 

 tion at the estimated height of twenty-five feet. The very spreading 

 and declining branches, themselves as large as ordinary trees, cover 

 a space of ground not less than seventy-five feet in diameter. The 

 tree is perfectly sound. 



W. H. RUDKIN. 



„ 60. On the Northward Extension of the N. J. Pine Barren 



Flora on Long and Staten Islands.— The famous Pine Barren region 

 ofN. J. extends with few interruptions all the way from the Lower 

 Bay of New York to Cape May and the mouth of the Delaware River. 

 It occupies a narrow belt, near the Atlantic coast with its northern 

 portion, but expands as it extends southward so as to include nearly 

 the whole of Southern Ncav Jersey. The Flora of this section of 

 North America has long been widely known to include some of the 

 rarest and most beautiful plants to be found on our continent, and 

 has, therefore, been thoroughly explored by botanists from all sections 



of the country. 



The soil of this region, as all who have travelled through it will 

 bear witness, is generally extremely sandy, but is occasionally more 

 firm, in places where strata of clay approach and form the surface. _ 



The ages of the geological formations which occupy this terri- 

 tory are. Tertiary in the portion lying to the south and south-east of 

 a line drawn from a point on the Atlantic coast a few miles south of 

 Long Branch, to another near the head of Delaware Bay ; and Creta- 

 ceous, north of this line, and extending between it, and the southern 

 edge of the Triassic formation, which follows a line from the centre 

 of Staten Island to the vicinity of Trenton. 



As the soil over both the Cretaceous and Tertiary is composed ot 

 similar materials, it is impossible to say, from surface indications just 



where one ends and the other begins. r a 1 f- 



The Tertiary pine barrens extend southward along the Atlantic 

 coast to Florida; it is with the Flora of the northern extension ot 

 these sandy stretches, of Cretaceous age, with which we have to do 

 at present. On Staten Island these strata are exposed in its extreme 

 southern portion, occupying an area of perhaps one-fifteenth ot the 

 county ; they doubtless extend over the entire southern and eastern 



