46 



Zygadenus glaucus, of which but few specimens were found, grew 

 by the margin of the creek. This contrast in habitat and surround- 

 ings, with those of locaHties where I had found it at Petoskey, Mich., 

 by the shore of Little Traverse Bay, could not fail to be noticed. 

 Whilecollecting.in different parts of the country, I have frequently 

 met with like surprises, such as finding Cypripediwn spectahile on hill- 

 sides or hiU-tops, in Southeastern Minnesota, or Lobelia Kalmii on the 

 rocks at Niagara Falls, but, on the contrary, in wet sands near the 

 south end of Lake Michigan. At Petoskey, Z. glaucus grows in the 

 dry sand, close by the sand-ridges made by the winds along the shores ' 

 £>i the bay. It is on the edge of a forest of pines {Finus Sirobus Siwd. 

 P. resinosa), and its smaller neighbors are such plants as Campanula 

 7-otuiidifolia, L., var. lini folia. Gray, Vaccinium Canadense, Kalm, 

 (the form which approaches V. Peniisyhanicum) and the character- 

 istic plants of pine woods. Close by, in the more shifting sands of the 

 shore, grow Triticum dasysfachyum, Gray, Cirsium Pitcheri, Torr. 

 and Gray, Solidago Vtrga-aurea, L., and Jufiiperus Sabina, L., var. 

 procumbens, Pursh. The Cirsium and the Solidago grow together in 

 the sands at the head of the lake, but the Zygadenus I do °not find. 

 Gray's Manual gives Bergen Swamp, Genesee Co., a cedar swamp 

 about ten miles west of Mumford, a§ a station for Z. glaucus. 



Another plant of interest, for these and other reasons, was 

 Pamassia Caroliniana, Michx., growing on the thin soil of rocks and 

 fallen timber by thewater-side. At Englewood, just south of Chi- 

 cago, it is abundant on the sandy and originally wet prairie, whicli is 

 now dry through drainage. It is very common in the sandy ground 

 beside the "sloughs" in the pine barrens of Indiana, at the south end 

 of Lake Michigan. In Northern Michigan I have found it under con- 

 ditions similar to those near Mumford— by the borders of streams in 

 cedar swamps, or rooted in the soilbf fallen timbers which span, and 

 in places, almost conceal from sight the streams of cold water. Its 

 companions there were such plants as Valeriana sylvatica, Richards, 

 Cystopteris bulbifera,'Btxnh., (with fronds often two or three feet long), 

 Halenia defiexa, Grisebach, Moncses uniflora, Gray, Mitella nuda, 

 L., and such mosses as Mcesia uliginosa, Hed>v., Mniutn serratum, 

 Brid., Dichelyma capillaceum, Dill, (floating), and Hypna of many 

 kinds. Fifty miles south of Chicago, at Kankakee, III, I have found 

 it in the wet clay of the river banks, and among plants widely dif- 

 ferent—a common one being Juncics Canadensis, J. Gay, var. 

 coarctatus, Engelra. At Mumford, one of its near neighbors was 

 Ranunculus Pcnnsylvanicus, L. To enumerate all the plants that 

 grow with it in the prairies, from Hypoxis, Sisyrinchium and the vio- 

 lets of spring to' the Gerardias, Asters and Solidagos 'of summer and 

 fall, would require quite a catalogue; and, were the pine-barren plants 

 added, the list would be far more extended. In all these stations 

 widely separated, there are analogous but varied conditions This 

 study of a plant's company and environment is one of the most pleas- 

 • ing and profitable par^s of collecting. How different are the plants 

 of a cedar-swamp, a pme-barren, a prairie, a clay-bank and of a 

 boulder of water-linxestone. Yet this little plant, Pamassia, finds a 

 home in each, and doubtless is to be found under many other condi- 



