y 
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24 
w 
the sugar pine — nearly related to the eastern white pine, by habit, 
foliage, cones and wood^s the monarch of the genus, frequently 
reaching a height of 300 feet, with a diameter of from 10 to 15 feet. 
This grows chiefly in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains 
throughout Oregon and California. The redwood is even larger. It 
is found only along the coast and about Port Orford forms forests, 
which surpass, in the average dimensions of the trees, any others I 
have seen. The lumber furnished by both these great trees is excel- 
lent; and, like the white pine of the East, they are suffering such 
wholesale destruction as promises soon to exhaust the supply they 
furnish. The next in intrinsic value as timber trees, and, from their 
abundance, having even greater economic importance, are the Doug- 
lass and Menzies spruces, the 'Svhite fir" {Abies grandis^ Lindl.) and 
the western white cedar {^Thiiya giganiea^ Nutt.) These form the 
basis of the lumber industry of the Paget Sound region and supply 
all the great saw-mills, some of which cut 250,000 feet per day.^ The 
timber furnished by these trees is good, but the lumber is inferior. 
With the array of magnificent conifers which flourish in the moist 
and equable climate of the North Pacific coast, the poverty of the 
angiospermous flora is in striking contrast. Two maples, two poplars, 
one on the high and other on low grounds — one ash and one 
alder have been enumerated. To these should be added two arbo- 
rescent willows {Salix lasiatidra^ Benth., and S, longifolia, Muhl.) 
one oak of little value and two other hard-wood trees, and the list is 
complete. On the last mentioned trees I have made the following 
notes; • , 
In the open grounds of the Willamette Valley, Paget Sound and 
Vancouver's Island, Garry's oak {Quercus Garryana, Dougl.) is not 
uncommon. It is usually of moderate size and of a peculiar strag- 
gling and misshapen growth; occasionally trees of three or four feet 
m diameter are met with, but the shape is so irregular and the wood so 
brittle that it has little value as a timber-tree. In the forests of both 
Oregon and Washington Territory two trees are sometimes seen that 
are sure to attract the attention of the eastern botanist. One of these 
which grows on the higher grounds, is the Oregon chinquapin {Casta- 
nopsis chrysophylla^ A. DC.) generally a shrub, but sometimes reaching 
an altitude of fifty or sixty feet, and conspicuous from the golden pubes- 
cence of the under side of the leaf. The other tree to which I re- 
fer is the madrona {Arbutus Menziesii, Pursh.) This is a small tree, 
but one much admired; the foliage is persistent and rich, the leaves 
oblong or lanceolate with serrated edges, and the fruit, which grows 
in clusters, is red, and somewhat resembles that of the mountain ash, 
but is less abundant and grows in more open panicles. 
Note on Plate XLI If.— Through an oversight on the part of the 
Editor the following sentence was omitted from the description 01 
Plate XLiii., which appeared in our last number: ** All the powers 
refer to the original drawings, which, in the plate, appear reduced to 
one-half their size." 
