82 
than the other. This indicates that a fascicle of pine-leaves is a de- 
pressed spiral, and that the " needles" are true leaves and not modi- 
fications of branches, as I was once inclined to believe. The bundle 
of " needles " is but an arrested branch, having a dormant bud at 
the apex, and which may even push and make a shoot in after years, 
as I have observed of late in Scotch pines that have been headed 
back. I send some fascicles that have been forced into growth 
from a three-year-old branch. The leaves of the pine may properly 
be said to proceed from hidden spurs. 
Thomas Meehan. 
The Growth of Trees.— The appearance of lateral and terminal 
buds upon the new growth of trees and shrubs indicates, of course, the 
cessation of longitudinal growth for the season. Subsequent vege- 
tative efforts are directed to the lignification of the tissues thus 
formed. The time occupied with this preliminary extension of 
growth IS short as compared with that of its after development. 
In the ^summer of 1884, in South-western New York, at about 
latitude 41 21', I noted the dates when the common woody plants 
had formed their buds. The results were rather surprising, though 
of course the observations are not to be considered as new or origi- 
nal. Collectively, however, they call attention to a condition of the 
growth not generally recognized. 
As soon as June ist the following trees and shrubs had formed 
both lateral and terminal buds : Tilia Americana, L., Acer saccha- 
r^««w Wang., Acer rubrum, L., Hamamelis Virgitiica, L., Amelan- 
chier Canadensis, L., Sambucus fiubens, Michx., Kalmia latifolia, L., 
Ulmus Americana, L., U. fulva, Michx., Carya alba, Nutt., Quercus 
alba,^ L., Q. bicolor, Willd.. Q. Pn'nus, L., var. monticola, Michx, Q. 
coccinea, Wang., and Fagusferruginea, L., Populus tre?nuloides, Michx., 
a.via fraxmus Americana, L. Fifteen days later these were added to 
the list as having completed their longitudinal growth for the season : 
Prunus Cerasus, L., Juglans nigra, L 
nus Americana, Michx., Betula lem 
rubra, L., Lindera Benzoin, Meisner.- 
July 19th, terminal and lateral ^ 
folia, L., Nyssa multiflora, Wan 
Alnus incana, Willd. 
These dates were fixed, not upon single, but, upon several specimens 
of each species. Some other species continued to grow throughout 
the season, or at least until near its close, without producing termi- 
nal buds. The more prominent of these were Liriodendron Tulipt- 
fera, L., species of Vitis, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx., Celastrus 
scandem,\.., species of Rhus, etc. 
In this latitude, most trees and shrubs put forth their leaves from 
Willd 
Moms 
and 
uauie aecmuous forest trees, the oaks, maples, hickories, elms, Dircuc^, 
ashes, and the beech and aspen produce all their annual growth «/^ 
extension in from three to six weeks from the date when growth com- 
mences. The remaining three months, more or less, are devoted to 
