3 
handful representing a host, perhaps as solitary species, rem- 
nants of generic groups that mostly perished by the way. 
Among these survivors the Sequoias stand first in magnitude 
and interest, and their story has been admirably told by Dr. 
Gray in his ‘Sequoia and its History.” The Liriodendron, the 
Magnolias, the Liquidambar, the Cypress, the Sassafras and Pla- 
tanus, will also, I hope, have their biographers, and to aid in the 
task of one of these I now.give some of the facts which have 
come to my knowledge in regard to the history of our lyre- 
leaved Tulip-tree. 
- Three species of Liriodendron are indicated by leaves found 
in the Amboy clays—Middle Cretaceous—of New Jersey, and 
others have been obtained from the Dakota group in the West, 
and from the Upper Cretaceous strata of Greenland. Though 
differing considerably among themselves in size and form, all 
these have the deep sinus of the upper extremity, so character- 
istic of the genus, and the nervation is also essentially the same. 
Hence, we must conclude that the genus Liriodendron now rep- 
resented by a single species was in the Cretaceous age much 
more largely developed, having many species, and those scat- 
tered throughout many lands. In the Tertiary age the genug 
continued to exist, but the species seem to have been reduced 
to one, which is hardly to be distinguished from that now living. 
In many parts of Europe leaves of the Tulip-tree have been 
found, and it extended as far south as Italy. Its presence there 
was first made known by Unger in his Synopsis, p. 232, and in 
his Genera et Species, p, 443, where he describes it under the 
name of Liriodendron Procaccinitz. Later it was mentioned by 
Massalongo (Flora Senogalliensis, p. 311) and Heer (Urwelt der 
Schweiz, p. 331) and it is enumerated and figured among the 
fossil plants of Iceland by Heer in his Flora Arctica, Vol. I., p. 
151, taf. XXVLI., fig. 7 b; taf. XXVIL., fig. 5-8; from the Ter- 
tiary of Greenland, Vol. VIL, p. 121, taf. LXXXIII. Leaves 
of similar form are described and figured in Heer’s Flora Ter- 
tiaria Helvetia, Vol. III, p. 29, tab. CVIII., fig. 6, with the 
name of Liriodendron Helveticum, Fisch.; also Ettinghausen in 
his Flora v. Bilin, p. 9, tab. XLI., fig. 10, describes a fragment 
which he names ZL. Hauert. All these are, however, so much 
