152 
Walter, of the Southern States and the 7 Hookeri, Penny, of 
Canada. 
Lichens.—An Introduction to the Study of—Henry Willey. 
(Pamph., 8vo, pp. 58; 10 plates. New Bedford, 1887.) 
All who are interested in this peculiar class of plants will 
heartily welcome this work of Mr. Willey, and it must give an 
impetus to their study by American botanists. It contains chap- 
ters on collecting and mounting Lichens; on their structure 
and organs, under which heading the Schwendener theory is 
briefly discussed in connection with the more recent investiga- 
tions of Minks, and we must confess to a certain sense of relief in 
reading, that “for the present and for practical purposes the 
Lichen remains a Lichen;” the geographical distribution of 
North American species is discussed and the Flora divided into 
six districts, (1) Arctic; (2) Alpine; (3) Atlantic; (4) Southern; 
(5) Western; (6) Pacific; there are also chapters on the history 
of Lichens, helps to the study of Lichens, and the arrangement 
of North American Lichens, a very convenient key to the 76 
genera being given. The work is concluded by a list-of pub- 
lished North American species, with habitats, and here the fol- 
lowing new species are described: Buellia Catawbensis (see this 
BULLETIN, p. 134 and Bot. Gazette, xii., p. 115); Opegrapha 
levidensis ; Arthronia carneo-rufa; A. Floridana ,; A. erubescens ; 
A. vernans, A. Ravenelit, Tuckerm., ined.; A. gregarina; A. 
melanospora, Tuckerm.,, ined.; A. caudata, and A. subcyrtodes. 
The plates illustrate various phases of the structure of thallus, 
gonidia, apothecium, spermagones and pycnides, and the spores 
of all North American genera enumerated. The pamphlet is 
published at the low price of $1.00, and is remarkably well printed. 
Copies may be obtained from the author, at New Bedford, Mass. 
Mertensia Virginica—How Humblebees extract Nectar from.— 
J. Schneck. (Bot. Gazette, xii., p. 111.) 
Monotropa uniflora a Parasite?—George Baptie. (Ottawa Nat., 
i, pp. 40-43.) : 
This question was discussed at a recent meeting of the Otta- 
wa Field Naturalist’s Club, and considerable difference of opjnion 
expressed, and the suggestion made that the Ottawa Field Nat- 
 uralist’s Club investigate the matter during the coming summer. 
