197 
Spirogyra under Shock.—Stanley Coulter. (Bot. Gazette, xii., 
PP. 153-157; five figures.) 
Sophora secundiflora—Fasciation in.—George Vasey. (Bot. 
Gazette, xii., pp. 160, 161; one plate.) 
Thuya gigantea, Nutt. (Garden, xxxi., p. 615.) 
Vegetable Parasites and Evolution.—W. G. Farlow, M.D. (Ad- 
vance Sheets from the Proceedings of the A. A. A. S., Vol. 
XXXVI; 19 pages.) 
It was a pleasant surprise to receive the vice-president’s ad- 
dress in pamphlet form the same day that it was givenand to find 
it reprinted entire in the Botanical Gazette (Vol. xii., pp. 173- 
189), ere a week had elapsed since the close of the meeting. It 
is difficult to put in a few words the exact scope of this most 
interesting essay; suffice it is to say that after stating that zodlo- 
gists have gone farther than botanists in their efforts to explain 
the evolution of higher forms from lower, owing to the fact that 
the palzontological record of lower animals is more complete 
than that of lower plants, the author proceeds to define the term 
parasite, illustrating. from the Phanerogams the Alge and Fungi, 
including a long discussion of symbiosis and the algo-fungal 
theory of Lichens and Frank’s Mycorhiza, and concluding with 
_ 4 few theories on the origin of vegetable parasites. 
White and Yellow Poplars.—H. A. Evans. (Bot. Gazette, xii., 
Pp. 165, 166.) 
Mr. Evans presents evidence to show that the white and 
yellow wood of Liguidambar is not produced by different varieties, 
but by trees of different ages, the older being yellow. 
Yucca brevifolia. (Gard. Chron., i., p. 772; illustrated.) 
The statement is made thatthe London Telegraph is supplied 
with paper made from this Californian species. 
Zannichellia palustris, L_—¥F. W. Anderson. (Bot. Gazette, xii. 
Pp. 192.) 
The species is reported from a spring near err Falls, Mon- 
tana. 
Botanical Notes. 
Henry William’ Ravenel, LL.D. Born at Berkeley, 8. G, 
May roth, 1814; died at Aiken, S. C., July 17th, 1887. 
Though most of his life was spent in his native State yet his 
