3 
inches or even more, and it shows a few stretched internodes. Plate 
CXI, Fig. 4 illustrates a rhizome of the full grown plant, and we 
see here that the roots have almost the same size and shape as 
those of Uvularia, but show, however, several ramifications. The 
leaves of the rhizome are scale-like and clasping, although not 
sheathing, and the internodes are cylindrical, almost straight. The 
anterior part of the rhizome carries two scale-like leaves, surround- 
ing the flowering stem, at the base of which two branches are to 
be observed. The one (Br. 1) is long and has been formed this 
summer. It consists already of two internodes, and one root has 
been developed, similar to those of the older part of the rhizome. 
Another branch. (Br. 2) has also been formed, but does not show 
yet more than one internode, and no roots have been developed. 
They are both secondary branches, and the main rhizome being a 
monopodium from its first development until terminated by the 
flowering stem, has now been changed to a sympodium, while the 
branches themselves will show a monopodial ramification, until 
again terminated by flowering stems. These branches of the rhi- 
zome will not be developed as stolons, even if it might look so, 
when we consider the whole rhizome; they show the same 
form and structure as the main rhizome and will not be separated 
from this, like the stolons of Uvularia. 
These two plants are therefore easily distinguished simply by 
their rhizomes, and we shall see farther that their internal struc- 
ture also may furnish several good characters. We will then 
compare the structure of some of the corresponding organs and 
commence for instance with the roots. As mentioned above these 
are thick and fleshy in both plants, due to a considerable deposit 
of starch inthe bark. The cells of the epidermis (Plate CXII, Fig. 
12) are thin-walled in both species, and the bark, which occupies 
the greater part of the root, consists of relatively large, cylindrical 
cells, entirely filled with starch. In regard to these two tissues, 
the epidermis and the bark, our plants dd not show any difference, 
but if we consider the innermost part of the root, we will see a 
somewhat different structure. The cells of the endodermis show 
very thin walls in Oakesia (Fig. 8) where also the spots called 
after Caspary are very distinct in contrast to Uvularia (Fig. 7) | 
where the endodermis is thickened. The size of the cells of the 
