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same exterior as the styles proper; they are, in other words, 
secondary styles with stigmas, and seem to aid in the pollenation 
of the ovules, which, owing to the abnormal growth, have no 
other means of effecting fertilization. A still more striking result 
of the doubling of the Saponaria is one that corresponds with that 
of the Petunia, and where the primary pistil becomes very large, 
resembling a bud in the center of a flower, in which is a tiny 
blossom in all its parts. There are all gradations between this 
last mentioned form and that where only the ordinary doubling 
of the stamens has taken place and a normal pistil stands in the 
center of the flower. ; 
The common garden Peonia is an excellent illustration of 
doubling in a large flower. In the ordinary blossom there are a 
hundred or more stamens, which nearly all disappear, and instead 
there are as many petals when the flower is fully doubled. Fre- 
quently the reduction of stamen to petal has not been completed, 
and the organ exhibits the blended characteristics of the two— 
a matter of common observation and meriting no further com- 
ment here. A point of more than passing interest is the behavior 
of the few large pistils, usually three to five, which form the cen- 
tral part of the doubled flower. Not infrequently one or more 
of these pistils become highly colored and greatly enlarged, so 
as to appear like unusually large, thickish, crumpled petals. In 
many instances there is a striking difference in color between the 
pistil-petals and the stamen-petals, thus offering a sharp sepa- 
ration between the two sets of metamorphosed organs. All 
gradations between the fully developed pistil-petals, with its 
bright color and rigid structure, and the perfect pistil, could be 
found upon the same plant, and frequently upon the same flower. 
It was not unusual to find one half of the pistil petaloid, while 
the balance had its free edge turned inward, bearing a few ovules 
along the half developed placenta. One of the most striking 
transformations was that where one side of the enlarged mis- 
shaped pistils bore ovules freely exposed, while the opposite 
edge, slightly separated from it, had developed into a much en- 
_ larged anther with its two lobes. Several flowers were found 
with a single stamen, seemingly occupying the position of a pistil; 
such stamens were many times the ordinary size, and almost ses- 
