43 
8. X. serotina, Chapm. Scale x 6. Sepal x 6. 
9. <<. Caroliniana, Walt. Scale x 6. Sepal x 5. 
ga. X. elata, Chapm. Sepal x 10. Scale x Q. 
10. X. tridifolia, Chapm. Scale x 5. Sepal x 6. 
It. XX. platylepis, Chapm. Scale x 5. Sepal x 7. 
12, X, fimbriaia, Ell. Scale x 5. Sepal x 6. 
13. 4. torta, Smith. Scale x 3. Sepal. x 3. 
14. X. Baldwiniana, R. & S. Scale x 6. Sepal x 8. 
Eastern and Western Weeds.” 
By Byron D. HALSTED. 
The following remarks are founded upon the reports of a large 
number of botanists and crop growers throughout the United 
States, received in response to letters sent to them or questions 
asked through the public press. Having lived for four years in 
Iowa and being now a resident of New Jersey, the weeds of these 
two States have received personal consideration, and therefore 
these widely separated States will furnish a basis for a comparison 
of the weeds of the East and the West, not being unmindful of 
the fact that Iowa represents the central part of our continent, 
while the West, strictly speaking, reaches beyond the Sierras. 
An elaborate list of the weeds of Iowa was published in a bul- 
letin from the Agricultural College in 1888. In this catalogue 
297 species were enumerated and classified as follows. 
Annuals. Biennials. Perennials. Total. 
Worst Weeds 28 6 17 51 
Bad Weeds 34 12 48 94 
Indifferent Weeds aa 9 [21 152 
Total 84 27 186 297 
In passing from the worst weeds through the middle class to 
the indifferent the percentage of perennials rapidly increases. 
The eighty-seven foreign species are tabulated as follows : 
Worst. Bad. Indifferent. Total. 
pense iboaics 4d 7 44 
Biennials 3 6 3 pre 
Perennials 7 12 12 31 
Total 28 37 22 87 
* Read before the S. P. A. S., Washington, D.C., August 19th, 1891. 
