176 
is heightened by the fact that the threads which emerge from the 
mass and pass through the cell walls to other cells, give the ap- 
pearance of very delicate pseudopodia. 
Ward * says that the fungus of the tubercles of the roots of 
Leguminous plants stimulates the protoplasm of the tubercles, so 
that it resembles plasmodia. It is possible that some such influ- 
ence is exerted on the protoplasm of the galls of A/nus, ete. 
Woronin,+ Frank,t Sorauer 4 represented several sporangia 
on a single thread. Brunchorst {l. c.) shows that this appearance 
is an optical illusion, sporangia frequently lying over threads 
appear as if united with them. 
Moller|| observed the hyphz in the sporangium zone, but re- 
garded them as remnants of the plasmodium, which did not go 
to form spores and which remained in connection with the spores 
as they were differentiated from the mass. Brunchorst calls 
attention to the fact that if this were so they would not be. s0 
constant in outline and diameter. 
Brunchrost properly regards the fungus as distinct from 
Schinzia, and takes it as the type of a new genus which he calls 
Frankia. Unfortunately he does not accept the well-known : 
specific name A/nd, but calls it Frankia subtilis, While there — 
are variations in the size of the sporangia from different hosts, he 
does not consider them sufficient to be of specific value. ‘ 
Thus in A/nus undulata they vary from 4u-6!"; in Hippophot 
rhamnoides from 2u-3.54; and in Alnus glutinosa from 3AM 
B. Frank * rejects the theory that they are abnormal growths 
due to a parasitic fungus, but regards them as normal organs for 
the transitory storage of proteid bodies. 
Moller,t in 1890, reinvestigated the galls, using fresh material - : 
Oe 
* Phil. Trans. Vol. 178, p. 547. 
+ Mem. d. I’Acad. Imp. d. Sci. VIIe. T. X. 6, 1866. 
} Krankheiten der Pflanzen, 647. . 
§ Pflanzenkrankheiten, Bd Tr 
| Ber. d. Deutsch. bot. Gesellschaft Bd. III. 1885, p. 102. 
* Sind die Wurzelanschwellungen der Erlen und Elaagnaceen Pilzgallen? me : 
d. deutschen Bot, Gesellschaft, Bd. V. Heft. 2. Reference in Bot. Centralblatt, 7 
Bd. XXV. p, 366, 
: ‘ te 
+ Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Frankia subtilis Brunchrost, Ber. 4d. Deutsch 0 
Gesellschaft Bd. MITE: 1890, Pp. 215-224. See Centralblatt fir Bakteriologie 
Parasitenkunde Bd. VIIL,, 1890, p. 559-560 and Bot. Centralb, 1891, p- 60 
