Vernoniacea.] : LXXXVIII. COMPOSITAE. 229 
a. Macrocephale. Capitula magna, lata, pauca v. solitaria, involucri bracteis obtusis, pappi paleis 
exterioribus latiuseulis. Species pauesz Brasilienses, V. macrocephala, Less.; V. ergyrophylla 
Less.; Field et Gardn. Sert. Pl. t. 50, ete. 
b. Macrolepide. Capitula magna, pauca v. solitaria, involueri bracteis angustis aeutissimis, pappi 
setis exterioribus angustis. V. CÀ : issima, Sch. Bip. nonnullzque alis Brasilienses. 
c. Oligocephale. Capitula plura, pauca vy. r. solitaria, majuscula v. mediocria, ssepius lata, involucri 
bracteis nune acutissimis nune apice coloratis, pappi setis exterioribus subpaleaceis. Species ad 20 
Brasilienses, 3-4 Mexicanz, Bot. Mag. t. 2471, 1 ex America boreali, Torr. Bot. Sitgr. Exped. t. 2, 
paucse Asiatieze quibus ineludenda videtur AorrgPrzs, Don. Prod. F1. Nepal. 169, species involucri brae- 
teis ut in XüpAolepide acutissimis insignis. 
d. Scorpioidee. Capitula rmajuseula, mediocria v. rarius parvula, secus ramos inflorescentiz 
nudos v. foliatos unilateraliter sessilia, plerumque solitaria, Species ultra 100. Americze calidioris 
imprimis Brasili:e incole (una sola V. unionis, Bip. in Africa obvia inflorescentia subscorpioidea 
potius ad Gymnanthemum referenda, nec ulla hucusque in Asia detecta) in subseries 2 distribuuntur, 
scil. Scorpioidee vere v. aphylle, inflorescenti: ramis v. omnino aphyllis v. foliis paucis sub 
capitulis infimis donatis; et, Scorpioidee foliate seu Axillares, DC., capitulis plerisque v. fere omnibus 
folio subtensis; forte melius quoad involucri bracteas obtusas v. aeutas, pappi exterioris paleas 
angustas v. latas eleganterque fimbriatas, involueri formam ete. ordinandz. —H. B e£ K. Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. t. 317. Link et Otto Ic. Pl. Sel. t. 50.  Humh. et Bonpl. Pl. Zquin. ii. 1. 99. —.Bot. Heg. t. 522 
(male), 1464. — Bot. Mag. (. 3062. — Nees. Pl. Rar. Hort. Bonn, t. 5. 
. €, Paniculatz. Capitula numerosa, corymboso-panieulata, mediocria v. parvula, multi- v. pluri- 
flora, involucri bracteis sspius appressis obtusis v. aeutis, pappi exterioris paleis latiusculis v. 
rarius anguste setiformibus. Inflorescentia nune laxiuseule paniculata, capitulis omnibus plus minus 
peduneulatis, nune presertim in speciebus plurimis Drasilianis ad Seorpioideas vergens, capitulis 
lateralibus sessilibus. Species 7, boreali-American:e ( Vernonie typice Sehreberi ; SuPRAGo, Gertn. 
Fr. ii. 402, Z. 166, excl. S. spicata 1. 166), ultra 40 Brasilianz, ad 30 American: tropicze extra fines 
Brasiliensium, paucz Asiatice. —H. B. et K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. t. 316, 318. Species nonnulle 
capitulis paueifloris e.g. V. scariosa, Arn., et V. salvifolia, Wight, Jc. (. 1079 a sect. Stenocephalo 
imprimis inflorescentia differunt. 
JF. Glomerate. Capitula plurima, sessilia, glomerata, pluriflora, involucri ovoidei bracteis appressis 
v. Squarrosis. Species ad 4 Brasilianz, ad sect, Stenocephalum vergentes, 
AcnuvROCOMA, Cass. Dici. xxvi. 21 est fide Less. et DO. Vernonie sp., verisimiliter e sectione 
6. Gymnanthemum. Capitula corymboso- v. subpyramidato-panieulata, haud magna, co-fiora. Invo- 
luerum ovoideum globosum v. campanulatum, bracteis ssepius obtusis appressisque. Achsnia Lepi- 
daploe. Pappi sete exteriores paucze inzqualesque v. s&epius perpauese raríus omnino null:z etsi 
eaducissimze, interiores tenues. Species ad 20, Asiatieze v. Africans, Wight le. t. 1077, 1078? 
Dzcaxkuni, sect. DC. Prod. v. 67; Wight Ic. t. 1084. GvwxANTMEMUM, Cass. in. Bull. Philom. 1817; 
Dict. xx. 108, pro parte. — Walp. Hep.ii. 948; Ann.ii.811, v. 146. Steetz in. Pet. Mossamb. Bot. 335. 
LxsrsrEMMA, Steetz, l.c. 840. Cugrivsta, Sch. Bip. in Flora, 1841, i. Intellbl. 26. BnAcHEILEMA, R. 
Bir. in Salt. Abyss. App. 65? (nomen tantum). Liwzia, ScA. Bip. in Flora, 1841,13. Zntellbl. 26. Walp. 
Rep. ii. 948 (involucri bracteis obtuse dnhagipeqdicdidtiay AMBASSA, Steetz in Peters. Mossamb. Bot. 
364 (polline ex auctore granulato nec to). 
Bzcurvu, DC. Prod. v. . 70, species 2 Madagasearienses couidel a Gyimnanthemo parum diversas 
eapitulis paueis latis multifloris ut in Lepidaplois Oligocephalis. Flores exteriores subpalmati ex 
DC., quod tamen in speciminibus nostris haud apparet. - 
7. Xipholepis. Capitula corymboso-panieulata, nune pauca v. miselitarini mediocria, co-flora. 
Involucri campanulati v. turbinati bracteze acute, apice scepe nitentes v. lorat: Pappi setze 
exteriores paueze v, ssepius perpaucze v. 0. Species ad 12, Asiatieze v. Africanm. — WigAt Ic. t. 1083. 
XirnoLzvis, Steetz in. Pet. Mossamb. Bot. 344.  CeNTRAPALUS, Cass. Dict. vii. 382, est V. paueiflora, 
Less., pariter ad sect. Xipholepidem referenda. 
8. Cyanopis. Capitula corymboso-panieulata, seepius parvula, cc-flora.* Involueri eampanulati v. 
subglobosi braetese swpius acute.  Achznia plus minus distincte 4-5-costata v. angulata, costis 
seeundariis evanidis v. rarius 1-2 exterioribus apparentibus. Pappi setze sepius copiose, albidze, 
éaduec v. subpersistentes, exteriores abbreviatz nune copiosz nune paucz v. minimze.  Herbee pilig 
medifixis szpe canescentes. Species ad 20, Asize Afriezeque intertropicos incole.  Cxaxorrs, Zlume 
