468 LXXXVIII. COMPOSITAE. [Cynaroidec. 
stenolepis, Kar. et. Kir. ejusdem involueri gaudet, sed 4. nivea et A4. acantholepis, Kar. et Kir., Walp. 
Rep. ii. 677, et .4. suaveolens, Bunge, quoad involuerum arete cum C. autante connectuntur. Sectio 
à Carduis typicis floribus flavis distinguitur. 
CravweNa, DC. Prod. vi. 633, Walp. Ann. ii, 948, est C. clavulatus, Link., pappi setis longioribus apice 
leviter clavellato-dilatatis, a Sch. Bip. in Webb. Phytogr. Canar. ii. 375, rite ad Cardwwmn revocatur. 
634. Cnieus, Linn. Gen, n. 926 (Cirsium, DC. Fl. Fr. iv. 110, et auct. plur. récent.)— 
Capitula homogama, zequaliflora, floribus omnibus ij fertilibus, v. abortu dioica. Invo- 
lucrum ovoideum v. globosum, bracteis co-seriatis imbricatis szpius angustis basi v. 
undique appressis, exterioribus gradatim brevioribus, in acumen rigidum acutissimum v. 
spinam brevem rarius longiorem simplicem v. rarius ciliato- v. pectinato-spinosam abeunti- 
bus, intimis apice s&epe coloratis muticis, rarissime omnibus muticis v. exterioribus pau- 
cis foliaceis elongatis et spinoso-pinnatifidis. Receptaculum planum convexum v. sub- 
eonicum, dense setosum.  Corolle tubo tenui, limbo sequali v. obliquo basi ampliore ad 
medium v. profundius 5-fido, laciniis angustis.  Staminum filamenta plus minus papilloso- 
pilosa, rarissime glabra; anthere basi sagittatse, auriculis contiguis connatis parvis in 
caudas breves longasve ssepius laceras v. ciliatas productis. Styli rami basi lineares v. 
filiformes, obtusiusculi, longiusculi v. brevissimi, stylo infra ramos annulo pilorum ssepius 
cincto. Achrzmnia glabra, areola recta v. parum obliqua affixa, obovata v. oblonga, plus 
minus compressa v. 4-gona, levia v. 4-oc-costata, apice. truncata v. umbonata.  Pappi 
Sets oo-seriatz, copiosse, rigidule, plumosse, basi annulo cum iis deciduo affixee. — Herbse 
erectz, simplices v. ramosse, rarius smbacaules. Folia alterna, secus caulem ssepe decur- 
rentia, serrata v. pinnatim dentato-l»»ata, lobis dentibusque spinescentibus v. rarius 
rigide ciliata. Capitula nunc ad apices ramorum solitaria aggregata v. paniculata, nunc 
secus caulis apicem sessilia subspicata, nunc in planta subacauli ad collum  subsessilia. 
Corollz purpurascentes v. ochroleucse, rarius albidze. 
Species descripte fere 200, verisimiliter vix 150 retinends, plereque Europe Asiw temperats et 
. Afriez borealis. incole, nonnulle Ameriez borealis imprimis occidentalis et Americz centralis 
cives, paucze in aliis regionibus late disperse v. inquiline. JC. Prod. vi. 634.  Walp. Rep. ii. 674, 
992; vi. 300; Ann. i. 452; ii. 943; iii. 914; v. 300. Mig. im Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 184. 
Boiss. Diagn. ser, 9, ii..39.. 4. Gray im Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 69. — Torr. Bot. Whipple Exp. 
56. Jacq. Fl. Austr. t, 42, 43, 90, 91, 127, 171; Hort. Vind. ii. t. 0, et. Hort, Schenbr. t. 
145 (Carduus). Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 820 ad 863 et. 887 ad 889 ; Ieonogr. Eur. t. 359, 986, 987. 
Wight, 1c. t. 1137. Subth. Fl. Gr. t. 827 ad 831. Labill. PL*Syr. Dec. ii. t, 3 (Carduus).  Bory et 
Chaub. Exped. .Morée, t. 31 (Carduus).  Jaub. et. Spach. Ill. Pl. Or. t. 495 (Chamepeuce). Ten. Fl. 
Nap. t. 75, 189. Moris, Fl. Sard. t. 87, 88. Desf. Fl. Atl. t. 221 (Carduus). | Boiss. Voy. Esp. t. 
110 ad 112 et t; 107 (Chazwepeuce). Lange, Pl. Now. Hisp. 1. 20. Bot. Mag. t. 6885. H. B. et K. 
Nov. Gen. et Sp. t. 310. (Plurime sub Cirsio). 
Linnzus Cnicum a. Carduo distinxit pappo plumoso et. braeteis involueri exterioribus foliaeeis v.- 
foliis floralibus | Ginesi, ied in genere inclusit C. ferocem speciesque affines, cum C. 4caraa involueri 
braetei i terminatis, qui genus PrcwoMwoxw, 4dans. Fam. i. 116, DC. 
Prod. v. 634 format. Willdenovius, in Spec. Pl. iii. 1662, species nonnullas involueri bracteis 
simpliciter aristatis mueronatisve a Linnso inter Cardwos enumeratas ad Cmicum ob pappum 
plumosum restituit. Lamarek, Candolleus, auctoresque plurigai recentiores nomen Tournefortiarnum 
Cirsium ad genus a Carduo pappo plumoso distinctum aptaverunt, Tournefortius tamen Qíürsium 
suum non pappo plumoso sed involucro non spinescente distinxit et, species plurimas heterogeneas in- 
elusit. Cassini (Dict. xxxvi. 145), Cirsium limitavit ad C. arvensem, Willd. (Bneraat, Less. Syn. Comp. 
9), capitulis dioieis, et Cnicos plurimos involucri bracteis muticis v. acumine molli v. vix spinescente 
terminatis sub nomine OxorRoPurpis distinxit. 
 EnioLxPIs, Cass. Dict. xli. 331, includit C. eriophorum, Hoffm., et. C, lanceolatum, Hoffm., bracteis 
'angustis in spinam tenuem v. rigidam integram desinentibus. LormiorzrIs, Cass. Dict. xxvii. 180, 
est C. ciliatus, Willd., affinesque braeteis lineari-lanceolatis spinescentibus lateraliterque ciliato- 
spinosis, ErirRACHYs, C. Koch in Linnea, xxiv. 396, genus utrumque Cassinianum includit. ; 
OnTHOCENTRON, Cass. Dict. xxxvi. 480, est C. siculus, Sebast. (C. pungens, Willd.), ab auctore im- - 
primis filamentis glabris nee papillosis distinguitur, quod etiam observavimus in spéeiminibus tam 
in horto parisiensi cultis quam in Corsieanis, Auctores recentiores in sectione Or£Aocentro species 
includunt plurimas C. siculo foliis supra inermibus aliisque notis similes, filamentis tamen piane 
! papilloso-hirsutis. 
