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The Carices of the Upper Half of the Keweenaw Peninsula. 



CAREX NOTES. — XIII. 



By L. H. Bailey. 



Mr. O. A. Farwell, Phoenix, Michigan, has sent me for 

 determination a complete set of the carices which he has collected 

 in his vicinity during the last four or five years, and the list 

 affords so good a contribution to the knowledge of the geograph- 

 ical distribution of certain species, and is so large a record of the 

 carex flora of a little known and interesting region, that I submit 

 it for publication. Keweenaw County comprises the end of a 

 small and narrow peninsula which juts into the main body of 

 Lake Superior from the southward. It lies wholly above the 

 47th degree of latitude, and is the most northerly portion of the 

 United States lying in or east of the Great Lakes. Its climate 

 must be almost wholly dominated by Lake Superior. As in all 

 regions adjacent to the Great Lakes, the flora is anomalous. It 

 presents a curious admixture of northern and southern types, yet 

 the northern types are not particularly marked. The writer has 

 always observed this tendency of southern types to creep north- 

 wards along the Great Lakes, particularly on the shores opposite 

 the direction of the prevailing winds. These winds, traversing 

 the warmer area of the water, maintain the winter temperature 

 on the shores upon which they blow at a higher point than it 

 reaches upon the opposite side. Thus it appears to be true that 

 the flora of the eastern shore of Lake Michigan has in it more 

 plants of a southern type than has the western shore; at any rate, 

 it IS true that the western shore of the State of Michigan presents 

 in its flora a warmer cast than does the eastern shore of the State. 

 Mr. Farweirs plants come from the western side of the Keweenaw 

 peninsula. It would be interesting to compare with them the 

 plants of the eastern side. 



The plants which seem to be particularly out of place so far 

 north are Carcx squarrosa, C, virescens var. costata, C. Davisii^ 

 and C. Jamesii. On the other hand, there are none which seem 



to be out of place so far south. 



The range of C. exilis is much extended by the collection of 



this plant on the Keweenaw Penisula. The most western locality 



