65 



evidently the bed of a lake with its bordering dunes, when the 

 land, now partly covered with the Jack Pine at the head of Lake 

 Michigan, formed a part of the lake itself The conditions are 

 favorable to its growth, but I do not know of its presence there at 

 this time. 



The pine belt in northwestern Indiana begins at Whitings, on 

 the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, eighteen miles 

 east of its terminus in Chicago, or three miles east of the lUinois 

 State line, and extends eastward for twenty miles, perhaps far- 

 ther, to Michigan City, (though I have not traced it all the way), 

 since it is reported by Professor Beal as present on the east side 

 of Lake Michigan from Indiana northward. The region of sand 

 becomes narrower as we go eastward, but it is favorable to the 

 growth of this pine. The pine belt is from one to three miles 

 wide, and P. Banksiana and P, Strobus both abound, the latter 

 having a somewhat wider range. It is a region of sand ridges 

 and shallow^ ponds and sloughs, once a part of the bed of Lake 

 Michigan, and the conditions are suitable for the two pines to 

 flourish side by side, the dryer and more barren places being 

 taken by the Jack Pine, and the moister and more fertile by the 

 White Pine, though this is not exclusively true of either. Some- 

 times a Jack Pine will be found a foot in diameter, and thirty to 

 forty feet high, but they are usually much smaller, often mere 

 shrubs, except in form, with fruiting branches a foot from the 

 ground. They frequently form dense thickets, and are some- 

 times dug up and taken away by nurserymen to be used for 

 hedges or windbreaks, being treated like Arbor Vitae. Four other 



conifers are also found, the Red Cedar rarely, the White Cedar, 

 Thuja occide7italis, more common, the common Juniper frequently, 



and a small swamp of Tamarack. 



In Michigan I have found it from Manistee southward, as 

 well as in several places north of this, where it is common, and 

 within its general climatic range. Manistee has about the same 

 latitude as Frenchman's Bay. In '* Wheeler and Smith's Cata- 

 logue of the Plants of Michigan," it is said to come as far south in 

 the western part of the State as Newaygo County, or nearly as 

 far south as Muskegon. In the *' Report of the Michigan 

 Forestry Commission*' for 1888, it is given a range from Indiana 



