TYPICAL SWAMP AREAS. 4, 
istic plant in the shrub zone. The character plants found 
in the Katahdin region and not in Michigan are Carex 
miliaris, Eriophorum gracile, Ledum latifolium, Viburnum 
cassinoides, Smilacina trifolia Empetrum nigrum. 
In a small sphagnum bog on Long Island, New York, 
there was observed a still later condition in which the 
water was practically all gone, except in small depressions 
where the Sphagnum is growing luxuriantly. Associated 
with the Sphagnum or growing in a habitat slightly 
elevated above it, are Aspidium thelypteris, Onoclea sensi- 
bilis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Impatiens fulva, Elodes 
campanulata, Hydrocotyle Americana, Mimulus ringens, 
Rhexia Virginica, Eupatorium perfoliatum, E. purpureum, 
Asclepias incarnata, Rubus hispidus and Alnus serrulata. 
It will be readily observed that this association suggests a 
brookside flora rather than that of asphagnum swamp, and 
it is probably due to the fact that as the vegetation 
increased, areas were elevated somewhat and the water was 
gradually drawn off into small channels, thus giving the 
area a little better drainage. 
The Sphagnum still clings to those depressions where 
the drainage is slow. 
Sarracenia purpurea and Drosera rotundifolia have been 
reported from this locality, but they could not be found at 
the time these observations were made. If these forms are 
disappearing, it would tend to corroborate the above 
hypothesis. The marginal flora is becoming heath-like, 
the most characteristic forms being Alnus serrulata, Myrica 
cerifera, Pinus Strobus saplings, Juniperus Virginiana, Vac- 
cinium Canadense, Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, Ana- 
phalis margaritacea, Epigaea repens, Polytrichum commune 
and Cladonia rangiferina. 
3, SLOWLY DRAINED SWAMP. 
A much larger lake than the one described above is found 
on the same island; its banks are well defined and rarely 
