lor) 
ie) 
TYPICAL SWAMP AREAS. 
a | ae | & a. 3 | 
-|3/9 /2s/8 2 /£s] 14] = 
wo] om sg ; ; = 
o| Oo |ES/BG|EVlaglaco! > 4 a} 
> | > lo aalnSlosloy g 
3/1 leSigalesissiay) 3/3] 2 
COMPARATIVR TABLE OF SPECIES. | ~ | 2 |Seiszlsgizaceigi}4a/8 
SS3iawd[say? S15 : 
S18 lasses amesins/O] 5/8 
(YE bbe G .(SH¥iS os «261 2 2 | 
© s \dz\da an 4 ret] st °o ret 
O|F la la la lef [4 [A l/ala 
pas, | ce pee prs | Sores) 
Vallisneria spiralis................-....- | 
Viburnum cassinoides.................... | — 
Viola blanda........... cane UC Dee | 
Vitis cinerea : | 
Vitis riparia....... | 
| 
Wolffia Columbiana.............. .. 0... 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
Plate 1.—Group of young tupelo, Nyssa uniflora, growing in the 
water and showing beginning of base enlargement. Porella growing on 
the trunks near water line. — Saint Francis River, Arkansas. 
Plate 2.— Large tract of Thuya occidentalis killed by rise of water 
occasioned by construction of a dam. — Carp Lake, Michigan. 
Plate 3. —1, Nuphar advena, Menyanthes trifoliata and Typha latifolia 
in a small decadent lake, rapidly passing into a tamarack swamp. — North 
Manitou Island, Michigan. 2, Buck-bean zone, Menyanthes trifoliata, 
bordering small lake passing into tamarack swamp. — North Manitou 
Island, Michigan. 
Plate 4.— 1, Border of tamarack swamp on North Manitou Island, 
Phragmites communis, Typha latifolia and Menyanthes trifoliata in the 
foreground, Larix Americana and Picea nigra in the background. 2, 
Tension line between land and water margins of small lake on North 
Manitou Island. 
Plate 5. — Shrub and tree zones on margin of Sphagnum swamp; Cas- 
sandra calyculata in the foreground, Larix Americana and Picea nigra in 
the background. 
Plate 6.— 1, A mountain peat bog surrounded by black spruce; other 
character plants are Cassandra calyculata, Nenopanthes fascicularis, 
Kalmia glauca, Vaccinium Oxycoccus, V. uliginosum, V. Vitis-Idaea, 
Sphagnum species, Scheuchzeria palustris, Drosera rotundifolia and Sar- 
rucenia purpurea. — Mount Katahdin, Maine. 2, Portion of same bog 
showing Sphagnum, Drosera, Carex miliaris and Hriophorum gracile. 
Plate 7.— 1, Beginning of arbor-vitae swamp along outlet of lake on 
North Manitou Island. — 2, Interior of same swamp. 
Plate 8. —1, Lake margin zone of Jussiaea repens bordered with zone 
of Scirpus maritimus.— Horse Shoe Lake, Illinois. 2, Succession of 
