ee Se 
JUGLANDACEAE OF THE UNITED STATES. 35 
exfoliating; twigs gray to very dark reddish-brown, then 
seeming almost black, often glossy, soon glabrous and at 
length nearly glandless, the few small white lenticels very 
evident; buds less stalked and rather shorter than is usual 
in the group, nearly black, evanescently yellow glandular, 
the terminal at first also sparingly hairy; fruit 1 to 2 
inches long; husk 1 mm. thick, splitting to the base; nut 
very much flattened, umbonate to retuse at top, variously 
- erosely ridged and angled, dull reddish-brown; shell soft, 
about .5 mm. thick, with large lacunae filled with a dark 
red spongy tissue, the commissure soft; kernel very bitter, 
much ruminated.— Virginia to Florida, around the Gulf to 
Texas, thence north to Arkansas and southern Ilinois,— in 
wet bottoms, on gravelly river banks, etc.— Pl. 3, 4, 13, 
f. 4-6, 16, f. 1-3. 
«+ Scales of terminal buds free above, all but the outermost devel- 
oping into leaves; nut usually as broad as long, elliptical 
in cross section, 4-celled below. 
4. H. minma (Marshall) Britton.— Carya amara, 
Nuttall.— The Bitternut.— A medium sized to rather large 
tree; bark thin, light gray, with shallow fissures and separa- 
ting somewhat in small thin flakes ; twigs buff, exceptionally 
gray or reddish, rather dull, glabrous or slightly hairy at the 
end but usually very yellow glandular above, the numerous 
small pale lenticels evident; buds closely yellow dotted 
and somewhat pubescent between the scales, those super- 
posed above the leaf scars often considerably separated and 
the uppermost of each series usually long stalked or 
lengthening into a twig the first season; fruit from less 
than an inch to an inch and a half long, obovoid 
to subglobose; husk 1 mm. thick, dilecly splitting 
to a little below the middle; nut sometimes broader than 
long, rounded at base, depressed and mucronate at top, 
slightly marked with rounded prominences conformed to 
the kernel, gray to buff, without darker stripes; shell very 
soft, .5 mm. thick, the commissure soft; kernel very 
bitter, ruminated.— Canada and Maine to Minnesota and 
