732 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
carmine red verging toward orange, indicating the presence 
of coniferin. When treated for twelve hours with Javelle 
water and then stained with chlor-iodide of zinc the pri- 
mary lamella turns light brown; with methylen blue it stains 
deep blue, indicating the presence of pectic substances.* 
The skeleton framework obtained after treatment with 
nitric acid stains blue with cellulose stains. This behavior 
towards various reagents shows that most of the cellulose 
has been removed and that the lignin substances have been 
transformed into substances readily soluble in nitric acid. 
A number of chemical analyses were made of charred 
wood, following the method given by Allen f for determin- 
ing the compounds found in wood. The wood was finely 
rasped and pulverized and dried at 100° C. After an 
aqueous extraction, the wood was extracted with alcohol 
and then with ether. 8.33% was found solublein alcohol. 
The dried residue was hard, and broke with a bright frac- 
ture. It had all the attributes of a resin. Small quanti- 
ties of pectic substances were found present, and a number 
of other products which were not determined. The rotted 
wood does not restore polarized light. 
Woop BETWEEN THE HOLEs. 
The wood between the rotted areas is, as in Taxodium, 
perfectly sound as far as its structure is concerned. It 
reacts with reagents similarly to healthy wood. In the 
cells immediately surrounding the diseased spots, especially 
in the wood parenchyma and medullary rays, a red-brown 
substance is always present, which fills the cells as with 
plugs. It is very resistant toward acids and while boiling 
nitric acid dissolves the wood it does not affect this sub- 
stance. Oxalic acid turns it black very quickly, also 
potassium bichromate and iron salts. These reactions 
* Mangin, A. Sur la présence des composés pectiques dans les végé- 
taux. (Comptes rend. etc. 1093577. 1889.) 
t Allen, A.A. Commercial organic analysis 1:328. 1898. 
50 
