100 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
with long hairs inside beneath the glands and sometimes 
outside, lobes oblong obovate, rounded or retuse, irregu- 
larly nerved, ciliate with much shorter hairs than those on 
the rest of the involucre, incurved ; glands 1 mm. long, 1.5 
mm. wide; bracts 5 to 10, broad, fimbriate, plumose with 
long hairs; stamens 10 to 15, filament 2 to 3 times the 
length of the anther; capsule depressed globose, 2.5 mm. 
high, 8 mm. wide, hardly sulcate, often pubescent; cocci 
flattened, short verrucose except a line on the back; styles 
united below, short bifid at the apex; stigmas clavate capi- 
tate; seeds 1.9 mm. long, 1.6 mm. wide, 1.1 mm. thick ; 
caruncle small, flat patellate. —Introduced from Europe 
into the northeastern United States and Canada, mostly 
about the lakes in the St. Lawrence river valley. — 
Plate 16. 
Specimens examined from Canada (Macoun, Queenstown, Ont., 1882; 
Shepherd; Cooper, Niagara); Vermont (Brainerd, Bridport, 1882; 
Pringle, Shelburn, 1879; Oakes, 1829; Boott, Shelburn Bay, 1855; Addi- 
son, 1883); New York (Shattock, Poughkeepsie; Engelmann, Niagara, 
1856; Cooper, Niagara; Coville, Niagara, 1886; Sheldon, Oswego, 1880; 
Paine, 1864); Michigan (Boott, Detroit, 1857; Gillman, Detroit, 1849; 
Morong, Lake St. Clair, 1893; Dodge, Port Huron, 1894; Castelneau, 
Saganaw); Pennsylvania (Porter, Erie, 1868; Garber, Erie, 1868). 
Var. LITERATA (Jacq.) Koch, Syn. Flor. Germ. 627. 
1837. HH. literata Jacq. Collect. 2: 340. 1788. 
Stouter and more pubescent. — Occurs sparingly at New 
Orleans, Louisiana (Mellichamp, 1898, 1899; Joor). 
++ ++ Rays usually 3; leaves glabrous; seeds without a chalazal depres- 
sion, reticulate, or usually almost smooth in E. obtusata. 
= Seeds large, faintly veiny reticulate or smooth, stem leaves obtuse. 
E. oprusaTa Pursh, Flora Amer. 2: 606. 1814; Boiss. 
in DC. Prod. 15’: 134; Chapm. Southern Flora 401; 
Gray, Man. 388. 1857. (in part), 434. 1868. [ 5th 
ed.]; Brit. & Brown, Ill. Flora 2: 378. 1897 ; 
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 140. 1840. (is probably 
E. platyphylia). E. Helioscopia? Ell. Sketch Bot. 
16 
ee 
