28 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
but they are promiscuous and of very different systematic 
value and the grouping will vary according to the charac- 
ters to which preference is given. ‘Unfortunately most 
authors have seized upon characters of secondary value 
and therefore their arrangement has not expressed the 
natural affinities of the species to any great extent. Most 
of the older herbalists, as Brunfels, Fuchs, Gesner, 
Dodonaeus and Bauhin, distinguished two genera, Pericly- 
menum or Caprifolium and Xylosteum or Chamaecerasus ; 
only few, as Gerard and Clusius, recognized a single genus, 
under the name Periclymenum, which is the oldest name 
for the genus though it is not quite clear whether Dios- 
corides, who used it first, intended it for a species of Loni- 
cera. Tournefort in 1700 distinguished four genera, Cap- 
rifolium, Periclymenum, Nylosteum and Chamaecerasus, 
which were united by Linné under Caprifolium in his 
Systema Plantarum (1735), but in his Genera Plant- 
arum (1757) and Species Plantarum (1753) he substi- 
tuted the name Lonicera for Oaprifolium and added 
other genera and species afterwards again removed from 
this genus. Few. botanists, however, followed Linné 
and most divided the genus into at least two genera, one 
containing the climbing, the other the upright species, 
and it was not until the appearance of De Candolle’s 
Prodromus that Linné’s conception of the genus was 
generally accepted. Miller (1754) called the genera 
Periclymenum and Xylosteum, but changed the latter 
name in 1759 to Lonicera. Delarbre (1800) named 
them Caprifolium and Chamaecerasus; Humboldt, Bon- 
pland & Kunth (1818) Caprifolium and Xylosteum ; 
Roemer & Schultes (1819) Caprifolium and Lonicera ; 
and Torrey (1825) Lonicera and Xylosteum. Another 
division into two genera was essayed by Necker (1790), 
who separated the species with almost regular limb of the 
corolla from Lonicera as Oobaea. Three genera were 
established by Adanson, who distinguished the species 
