104 ROBINSON. 
three towns named, also at Siniloan, Laguna. It is present in small 
quantity m several places near them, and has recently been introduced 
elsewhere. 
Pandanus utilisslmus Elmer Leafl. Philip. But. 1 (190G) 81. 
This takes the place of the preceding species from San Antonio, where 
it is wild, south to the country north of Mount Banajao and Mount 
Banajao de Lucban, in Laguna and Tayabas. It is remarkable for the 
large size of its leaves and fruits. In the towns where it is most used, 
it is called pandan or pandan totoo, but at San Antonio, the name 
bangcoan appears, and it is this which is employed in Manila, when its 
identity is not lost in the term halangot Both of the above species are 
used for hats, mats, bags, and baskets. 
Pandanus tectorius Soland. ex Parkinson Journ. Vov. H. M S En.Jeav 
(1773) 46. 
P. coronatus Martelli in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. Go. 
These closely allied and perhaps identical species seem to be used, but 
only in small quantity and in out of the way places, from which it is 
difficult to get accurate information. 
Pandanus simplex Men. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1005) G. 
This is the species of southeastern Luzon, from which the coarse hats 
known as caragumoy are made. 
Pandanus luzonensls Merr. loc. cit. 
our 
formerly 
been 
. replaced by sahotan. It is possible that 
It IS still occasionally employed by the hill-people of that province In 
Nue\ a, Ecija, some pandan, probably this species, is gathered bv XesTitos 
for this purpose. . " . 
Pandanus exaltatus Blanco Fl. I'ilip. (lS;i") 778. 
: This also was formerly used near Antipolo, where it grows to a height 
of 10 to 12 meters : its use, also, ha^ been abandoned. Locally, it is 
cmlGd pandan. 
i 
Pandanus copelandii Merr. in Bur. Govt. T.ab. I'ubl. (Philip.) 17 (ino4) 7. 
This species is widely distributed, but in many localities where it is 
abundant, it ,s not used for textile purposes. However, among its nances 
are some which are alleged to be those of hat materails. 
GRAMINE^. 
Bambusa blumeana Schult. f. Syst. Veg. 7= (1830) 1.343. 
This furnishes the- material for almost all the bamboo hats of the 
Phdippmes, which form a large majority of all kinds e.xported, although 
the preponderance imputed to it in official reports is exaggerated. It is 
nearly the exclusive material of Balinng and Pulilan, Bulacan, each of 
