108 ' ROBINSON. 
CUCURBITACE^. 
Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) Roeni. Syst. 2 (1846) 63. 
The inner lining of the fruit of this species, and especially its wild 
varieties is fibrons, and used as sponges. Cut into strips, and woven or 
sewed together, it makes a freak hat. 
Lagenaria vulgaris S6r. in Mem, Soc. Phys. Geneve 3 ^ (1825) 25. 
r 
This gourd, called upo by Tagalogs and tabungao in Ilocos, is halved, 
hollowed, and used for a hat or rather salacot: the edges are often trimmed 
with nito.- 
NATIVE MATERIALS NOT OF PLANT ORIGIN. 
Horsehair was formerly used at Baliuag for hats, but has been aban- 
doned, although cigarette-cases are still made from it, both there, and 
in greater quantity at Calasiao. 
In the manufacture of sdlacois, many different materials have been 
used. Some o^ the most beautiful and costly have been made of tortoise- 
shell, they and others were often adorned with gold or silver: fish-scales 
have sometimes been employed. 
^rATERrALS of OTIIKR EASTKRX TIlOl'ICAL COUNTRIES. 
As compared with other tropical countries, our materials show most 
resemblance to those of Java. The true "Panama-hat" plant, Carludovica 
palmata Cav., grows in the eastern tropics only in cultivation. It has 
been introduced here, but so far in very small quantity. The indications 
are that it can be grown successfully. 
r 
■ The chief hat material of Formosa is taken from Pandanus tedorius 
Sol., bhe hats themselves greatly resembling our sahotan. Scirpus 
triqueter Linn, is also used. The "Kona" hats of Hawaii are also made 
from Pandanus tectorius. 
In Madagascar, several species are used,^^ the best a palm, Phloga 
polystachya Noronha, four of the five next most suitable belonging to the 
Cyperaceae; pandans likewise are used. 
In Java, on the other hand, there is a larger industry in bamboo than 
in the Philippines, and probably a different species is used there than here- 
Many cheaper hats are made from pandan. 
Coarse bamboo hats are made in Tonkin, probably from Bamhusa 
hlumeana. 
Nowhere does the buri seem to have an importance comparable with 
that in these Islands, although the best authorities identify our species 
with one of other countries. Moreover, nito (Lygodium) and bejuco 
or rattan hats are rather distinctively Philippine. 
2g I) 
Perrot & Goris in Agric. Trut. Pays Chauds 7' (1907) 203-21.3, 402-411, 
47G-486, pL 1-13; Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addl. Sor. 2 (1901) 272 273. 
