172 FOXWORTHY. 
1001 Curran, For. Bur. 8^6, 8999, 9509 Curran & Merritt (Note with 8999, 
"Height 80 feet, Diaiu. 20 in,; No. annual rings 100; merchantable length approx.^ 
50 ft; mature, 2 and 3 year old cones. New cones all stages. Male flowers/ 
Very abundant forming pure stands. Tree cut on sample acre as average tree. 
Sample acre showed 50 sound and 21 unsound trees over 12 in. in diam. Largest 
tree 36 in. smallest tree 4 in. Very scanty reproduction, due mainly to fire"), 
Bur. ^oi. 1,819, 5000 Ramos. 
Found at elevations of from 300 to 2,700 m. 
Native names: saleng, al-al, parua, haliho, hoo-hooj hiilhul, tapulao. 
Distribution: Philippine Islands and Timor. 
Class VI. GNETALES. 
r 
J 
Tnmlv simple or branched. Vascular bundles collateral. Vessels pres- 
ent in secondary wood. Leaves opposite, undivided. Flowers unisexual 
or apparently perfect, with perianth- segments united into a floral en- 
velope and more or less enclosed by involucral bracts. Pistillate flowers 
with ovules of uniform size. Fruit structures rather various. Cotyle- 
dons 2. Eesin-canals wanting. 
GNETACEAE. 
Subfamily Gnetoideae. The growTi plants are generally woody climb- 
ers with a twining stem^ more rarely erect bushes or trees. The round 
stems are swollen and jointed at the nodes^ where are borne in decussating 
pairs the simple, stalked, feat her- veined, exstipulate, evergreen leaves. 
In germination the cotyledons arc carried up on a long hypocotyl, a lateral 
outgrowth (or sucker) of which remains in the seed and absorbs the en- 
dosperm for the benefit of the seedling. The flowers are generally 
dioecious and borne in axillary and terminal, simple or branched spikes, 
associated with the decussate-opposite bracts. The very numerous (to 
forty) male flowers are arranged in several whorls above each pair of 
bracts; the series terminates in a simple whorl of sterile female flowers. 
On the female spikes the flowers are arranged in whorls of three to eight. 
In both sexes they are surrounded at the base by numerous jointed hairs. 
The male flowers have a tubular perianth with a contracted mouth, which 
shows an indication of two lobes. The slender floral axis projects above 
it and terminates in two laterally placed sessile unilocular anthers with 
transverse dehiscence. Pistillate flowers with sack-like involucre. Ovule 
with two integuments, the second of which is absent from the sterile ovules 
in the male inflorescence. In the fruiting stage the perianth becomes 
fleshy and the outer integument woody, the whole having the appearance 
of a drupe. By cross and longitudinal divisions of the embryo-sac mother- 
cell there are developed several embryo-sac fundaments; a parietal stand- 
ing layer of nuclei are developed and froin one of these 'is developed the 
single embryo, after fertilization. 
''The secondary wood contains numerous large vessels. Climbers, sudi 
as Gneiiim scandens, resemble, in the mode of secondarv thickening of 
