PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 259 
3. HOPEA Koxb. 
stipules niinnte'or small, earlv deciduous. Flowers almost always in 
unilateral spikes or racemes, these generally in racemose, rarely compound 
panicles Calyx often glabrous, but petals always hairy outside. Calyx- 
segments imbricate, the two outer ones in the flower generally nnicli 
larger than the others; growing into thin membranaceous wings, as the 
fruit ripens. Stamens 15, 10 in a few species (//. plagata is said to have 
more than 30 stamens) ; anther-cells equal ; connective prolonged into 
a long awn. Stylopodium in most species large, in some wanting, but 
seucrally indicated by a ring of hairs. 
In most cases the cotyledons are thick-fleshy, the outer rounded surface 
longitudinally channelled ; both bifid to the point of attachment of the 
hvpocotvl. The outer or radicular cotyledon generally more or less 
c;ncave: embracing the inner or placentar cotyledon Hypocoty and 
petioles of cotyledon half as long or as long as the seed generally ha.rN, 
except the glabrous shining tip, imbedded on the outside of he embryo 
m a groove between the lobes of the outer cotyledon, vvhie the lign.ficd 
placenta with the ren.ains of the dissepiments intmdes between he otes 
of the inner. There are variations from this type m a number of species, 
but I have not had an opportunity to see them. _ ,H.,„tiirP 
There is said to be a great deal of variation in ^f -"^Vof moS 
in the genus, but the difficulties in getting sufficient material o mos 
of the specie; have been such that I have been unable to carrj out an) 
cnmplcte comparative study for the genus. avi^ovp flie 
. The bark is usually fissured and dark-brown or ^f'^^^^ 
odor is brown, the bark is usually thin, where it ^^, ^ack, here^ sjh 1. 
bark. The inner layers of the bark are usually yellow w>tb a bio^niJi 
'" ne wood is- pale-yellow or straw-color in the sap and the hcvrt has 
a brownish color. This seems to be true of our ^P-^-^^/^Z^J^^^j 
Tlie wood structure is diihcult to distinguish from that of Vatua or 
r 
Pome species of Sliorau . , -, - ^x.^ r*\^\\. 
The genus has about fifty species, 11 species being found ni 
'PP*""^- J T+ ;. .J f-iir 'rrade of gum dammar 
Tlie resin of some species is used. It is a fan „. arte o g 
and is collected from 77. plngata. It occurs s,milarl> m 77. iner, . , 
U. aruminata, and possibly other species ^.^^^^ 
The flowering and fruiting time <>-/;«- ^Z not fruit every^ 
understood. It seems to be believed that «. P'«f ^« ^ j^ j,,^ Vit 
year, but the infrequent collections and the small i.e of ^he fnat^ . ^^ 
niake it possible for such a belief to ^---' ^ ^ rXer fragile 
fruiting regularly e^•ery year. The ^^^J^J^^^^^ ,fter falling from 
and, presumably, do not retain their vitality ^crJ ion, 
the tree. 
