38 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
Plants from central to southern California with very 
large leaves about as wide as long, and smooth, usually 
branched monoecious scape, form the S. Chinensis or 
Sinensis of Parish and other collectors, but are not syn- 
onymous with the Asiatic S. Sinensis Sims. The edible 
tubers are used by the Chinese. 
Specimens of this examined were: 1367, Wilkes Exploring Expedition, 
1838-1842, Sacramento Valley; Brewer, 2189, 1861, Pitt River, among the 
tules; Kellogg, near San Francisco; Jepson, 1891, Grand Island, Lower 
Sacramento R.; Parish, 2091, 1889 and 1893, San Bernardino, the latter 
probably introduced from farther north. 
From northern California to Washington the common 
form has narrower rather coriaceous leaves, and dioecious 
scapes. The edible tubers,* (called Wappatoo), were 
formerly staple articles of commerce among the Indian 
tribes along the Columbia river and its tributaries. 
Specimens of this examined from California (Moore, Grass Valley; 
Mrs. Austin, 1878, Plumas Co.); Oregon (E. Hall, 502, 1871; Collier, 
Eugene City); Washington (Drake and Dickson, 1883; Suksdorf, 673, 
1885, — 2261, 1890, Kirkland; C. V. Piper, Seattle, 1892). 
Form c.— Monoecious or dioecious; leaves 5 to 10 or 15 
em. long, the middle lobe ovate lanceolate or lanceolate, 
rounding to the acute apex, basal lobes narrower and often 
shorter, lanceolate, acute or acuminate and widely diver- 
gent; verticils few, 2 to 5; the short fertile pedicels about 
} the length of the sterile; bracts ovate, acute, 5 to10 mm. 
long; fruiting head about 15 mm. in diameter; achenium 
2.5 to 8 mm. long. Phyllodia frequently present, either 
petiole like or flattened and linear lanceolate. This includes 
the varieties of variabilis: hastata, angustifolia, gracilis 
and diversifolia of most collectors.— Most abundant in the 
region of the Great Lakes and northwards. It ranges from 
Prince Edward Island to British Columbia and southward 
to New York, Kentucky and Nebraska. Immature or 
* See History of the Exped. Lewis and Clarke, Revised and Abridged 
Ed. by A. M’Vickar, 2: 85, 108, 107, 171, 8368 (1842). Hooker Fi. Bor. 
Amer. 2: 167 (1840). 
12 
