A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM. 59 
saicin ’’ which occurs mainly in the placenta and seed and 
which is volatile when exposed to the air. In its effects 
Capsicum is a stimulant, stomachic, and a rubefacient.* 
Commercially the red pepper is employed more as a 
condiment than for any other purpose, and it is used as a 
seasoning in almost every dish by the inhabitants of warm 
climates. Cayenne Pepper is one of the important prod- 
ucts, consisting mainly of the fruit of the small pungent 
varieties reduced to a fine powder. It is sometimes pre- 
pared by mixing wheat flour with the dried fruit and making 
into cakes with yeast. After baking until quite hard and 
brittle these are reduced to powder and sifted. When 
prepared in this manner it has been known under the name 
Cayenne Pepper Pot, and when simply dried, powdered, 
and mixed with a little salt, it has been known as Cayan 
Butter.t According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 
Mandram is a West Indian stomachic prepared by mashing 
a few pods of bird pepper and mixing them with sliced 
cucumbers and shallots to which have been added a little 
lime-juice and Madeira wine. 
There are various brands of pepper sauce, which consist 
chiefly of the unground fruit of the pungent varieties 
preserved in brine or strong vinegar. Tabasco Pepper 
Sauce or liquid pepper is said to be the pulp of the ripe 
fruit of the Tabasco variety extracted by pressure and so 
handled as to retain all flavor, strength, aroma and color of 
the ripe fruit. Tabasco Catchup is made from the same 
variety. Paprika is a well-known Hungarian condiment 
made from the fruit which is ground after the seeds have 
been removed, and is, therefore, much less pungent than 
the Tabasco sauce. Chilli con carne consists of the small 
pungent peppers finely ground and mixed with meat. It is 
much used in the Southern United States. In Mexico the 
fruit forms a very essential ingredient in the tamales so 
* Waggaman, Bot. Mat. Med. 228. 1895. 
+ Phillips, Cult. Veg. 1: 123. 1822. 
¢ Miller, Gard. Dict. 1797 {ed. Martyn]. 
