62 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
many years. Hartig * and Frank f both refer to it in their 
publications on plant diseases. Hartig ascribes the cause 
of bluing to Ceratostoma piliferum (Fr.) Fuckel, which is 
now placed under the genus Ceratostomella according to 
Winter. This species was first described by Fries, 
who placed it under the genus Sphaeria, where it remained 
with other species until Fuckel placed it under the genus 
Ceratostoma. Winter,t in the revision of the genus Cera- 
tostoma, placed all species with colorless ascospores under 
the new genus Ceratostomella. 
Von Schrenk § in a bulletin of the Bureau of Plant In- 
dustry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, fully describes 
both the fungus Ceratostomella pilifera and its effect and 
mode of entrance into the wood of Pinus ponderosa. 
A Jarge number of species of Ceratostomella are de- 
scribed by Saccardo,{ many of which occur on wood, but 
no reference is made to the staining effect of any of these 
species. There is little doubt that a number of these 
are wood-staining fungi, but from the results of our inves- 
tigations it appears that the common bluing fungus is C. 
pilifera. 
1. CERATOSTOMELLA. 
Winter in Michelia characterizes the genus Ceratosto- 
mella as follows: ‘* Perithecia superficial or partly im- 
mersed, usually tough, leathery or carbonaceous, glabrous 
or invested with filaments, with prominent well developed 
beak; asci without paraphyses, 8-spored; ascospores con- 
tinuous, globose, ovoid or oblong, hyaline; spermogonia 
and conidia present in some instances.”’ 
Although Winter mentions that conidia are present ina 
few instances, a careful search through the literature on 
the subject reveals that the number of species which have 
* Hartig, R. Lehrbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten. 75, 106. (1900). 
; Frank, A.B. Krankheiten der Pflanzen. 1: 107. (1895). 
¢ Saccarado, P. A. Michelia. 1: 370. § lc. 
{| Saccardo,P. A. Sylloge Fungorum. 1-17. 
