5 
; 3 
3 
3 
s 
80 - MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
thought best to place the species at present under Ceratos- 
tomella. 
II. WOOD-BLACKENING AND WOOD-BROWNING FUNGI. 
1. GRAPHIUM. 
Graphium has been associated with the decay of wood and 
other organic matter ever since the original species were 
named by Tode* and Corda,f and placed under Stilbum 
by Corda. It has been found also to be associated with 
the staining of lumber, especially of pine and gum boards. 
It has been isolated from black or brown stained portions 
of wood taken from Pinus, Populus, Liriodendron, 
Liquidambar, Quercus, Acer and Wistaria. Species of 
this genus, like those of Ceratostomella, enter most kinds of 
wood through the medullary rays, being usually confined 
to the sapwood, with the exception that they may grow 
upon decayed heartwood that other fungi have previously 
attacked. Inthe study of anumber of species of Graphium 
not all species stained wood alike: some scarcely stained 
the wood at all, others, like the one from Liguidambar, 
are quite effective as wood stainers. 
The stain given by Graphium varies from a dirty gray 
to a dark brown, or, rarely, a black color. 
The genus Graphium was first described by Corda. It 
is described as follows, using a free translation: — ‘* Stroma 
cylindrical, clavate, or capitate, brownish, rather rigid, 
the upper hyphae paler, lax, and bearing the conidia, 
which are elliptical or oblong, hyaline, often involved in 
mucus at first.”” No mention is made either by Saccardo,t 
or Engler and Prantl { of any conidial stage other than 
that found on the stroma or head. 
* Tode. Fungi Meckl. 1:10. + Corda. Icon. Fung. 1:8. 
t Saccardo, P. A. Michelia. 2:32; Syll. Fung. 43 564, 609. 
¢{ Engler, A. and Prantl, K. Die Natiiriichen Pflanzenfamilien. 1 : 493. 
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