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tier: . : BAY idk ? ' 4 
104 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
in the mycelium or the fruiting bodies. None of them are 
considered as important in their effects upon the value of 
the lumber, asthe mycelium does not penetrate deeply into 
the wood. Those identified were: Alternaria tenuis Nees, 
Stachybotrys aliernans Bon., Chaetomium sp., Aspergillus 
niger, Stemonites sp., and Gliocladium sp. 
III. WOOD-REDDENING FUNGI. 
1. PEeniciuurum. 
The fact that Penicillium might stain wood was brought 
to our attention during the year 1903. Some cultures of 
Ceratostomella exigua were contaminated with a lemon- 
colored fungus, which, under certain conditions, stained the 
wood an orange red color. Upon isolation it was found to 
be a Penicillium, which was dimorphous, having a fertile 
mycelium with gray-green colored fruiting clusters, and a 
sterile mycelium which assumed either a lemon color or an 
orange red color, varying with the reaction of the medium 
upon which it was grown, the former color being present 
on acid media, and the latter on alkaline. 
This led to the study of Penicillium from various 
sources, and from different kinds of wood. Some were 
found to stain pine sapwood, under certain conditions, an 
orange red color, others a crimson red, and still others, a 
color intermediate between the two. At least three species 
of Penicillium were found which were proven to stain 
wood. These were often intermingled, sometimes with 
each other, and at some times with Fusarium. This com- 
plicated the problem, and the difficulty was further in- 
creased by the fact that it is hardly possible to name cor- 
rectly the color-producing species of Penicillium without 
along series of cultures. The investigations of Dierck * 
* Dierck, F. Essai de révision du genre Penicillium. Ann. de la Soc. 
de Brux. 1901. 
